| At present,researchers in national or aboard got a lot of progress in the animal gut microbes by using modern moleculer biological techniques, such as the relationship between host and microorganism, the discovery of new genes, enhanced the health status and nutrition levels of the host, identified the gastrointestinal microbial metabolic pathways, improved efficiency in the use of animal feed. Recent studies of the gut microflora of wild animals has been paid more attention, by studying wildlife intestinal microflora not only can describe wildlife intestinal microbial phylogeny, analyze function of intestinal flora, study variations, signaling path ways, responding mechanisms of gastrointestinal microbial flora, and also by using some effective measures including changing the composition of the gut microbiota and increasing the number of dominant bacteria can effectively prevent and treat intestinal diseases, and then to make a contribution to healthy and sustainable reproduction and survival of wildlife.In this study, used PCR-DGGE technology to research different intestinal flora diversity of wildlife and obtained 23 difference bands. Sequencing result shows that Firmicutes is the dominant intestinal microflora. For analysing herbivores and carnivores intestinal floras shows that dominant herbivore gut flora in genus levels is Fusobacterium in Bacillaceae, and detected Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens with efficient fiber decomposition fuction in Ruminant feces; For carnivore the dominant bacteria is Peptostreptococcus, and detected Anaerovorax in canine feces, Vagococcus fluvialis is species-typical bacteria separated from feline feces.In this study, we also used metagenome sequencing technology to analyze diversity of wildlife intestinal flora and obtained 242,609 sequences and 40,130 OTUs. The dominant bacterias in herbivore intestinal flora are Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Verrucomicrobia; the dominant bacterias are Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria in carnivore gut. At the genus level, microbial species in herbivore gut are richer than carnivore gut; and compared intestinal flora in monogastric herbivore and ruminants, bacteria genus with a significant difference are Ruminococcus, Oscillibacter, Ornithobacterium, Anaerovorax, Paludibacter, Alistipes and Succinivibrio. In carnivore, comparing diversity between canids and cats intestinal microbes, the difference bacteria genus are Acetivibrio, Pseudomonas, Sporobacter, Bulleidia and Eggerthella.Based on modern research methods of microbial diversity, further research utilizated tranditional cultured methed to separate and identify bacterial flora in wildlife feces, then studied related function in bacterial strains including whether strains have cellulase, ligninase, protease, amylase and lipase activity. According to function of the strain to analyze the intestinal flora, and to verify the results from PCR-DGGE and metagenome sequencing technology, we found that the results from metagenome sequencing technology was more comprehensive than PCR-DGGE and identified the same strains in both herbivore and carnivore feces, they are Bacillus drentensis and Bacillus safensis with cellulase, protease and amylase fuctions; analysis of the links between biodiversity and flora strains function we found that bacterial strains separated from different feeders had different functions, the strains separated from herbivore feces all have cellulose decomposition function, but the strains separated from carnivore feces have lipolysis function.From this study, the results showed structural and functional characteristics of strains in different wild animals. This provides a theoretical basis for future research of intestinal flora diversity and screening functional dominant strains in wildlife and lays the foundation of researching wildlife health and functional genes related with physical activity. |
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