| Anguilla japonica is a very important aquaculture specie, while has a complex life cycle which are migratory fishes, with a more specific life history, and during the fall migration can swim across thousands of miles, not feeding period, and the eels have the ability to resist chronic hunger, even up to 3 to 4 years. Maturation eels who were artificial acceleration of maturation, with carp pituitary and HCG, eels who were starved for 2 years, and wild broodstock eel as materials.measured biochemical components and observed the blood cells by microscopy, sub-microscopic, ultra microstructure. The aim is to study the path of vivo nutrition transformation in the body after gonadal maturation and long-term starvation of eels. Provide a theoretical basis of protecting eels natural germplasm and artificial propagation of cultivation strategies. Provide blood parameters and features of blood cell structure on eels. The main findings are as follows:1 Changes of biological indicators and nutritional in their body composition after artificial ripening and long-term starvation of freshwater eelsThe results indicaled that the hepatosomatic index, viscerosomatic index, GSI, the moisture content in muscle and the content of fat in liver of artificially matured eels were significantly higher than that of wild broodstock eel (P<0.05). Meat content, crude protein and crude fatty in muscle and gonad, crude ash in muscle and liver glycogen were significantly lower than that of wild broodstock eel (P<0.05), where as content of glycogen in muscle had no significant changes.Condition factor, hepatosomatic index, meat content, crude protein and crude fat in muscle and gonad, liver glycogen of starved eels were significantly lower than that of wild broodstock eel. Moisture content in muscle and liver were significantly higher than that of wild broodstock eels, whiles content of glycogen and crude ash in muscle, crude fatty in liver had no changes. The results show that:eels mainly use nutrients within the muscle to provide energy in process of gonad development and long-term starvation, with main fat and little protein. Eels inhasit gluconeogenesis in muscle to maintain the stability of glycogen content, and protein content decreased because the liver produced yolk protein, while glycogen was converted to fat. Crude protein and fat content in gonads of induced matured eels were significantly lower than wild broodstock eel, due to absorption of water in eggs.2 Changes of amino acids in the body after artificial ripening and long-term starvation of freshwater eelsIn this study,15 amino acids were detected, with 8 being essential amino acids and 7 non-essential amino acids. The total amount of essential and non-essential amino acids in muscle and gonads of artificially matured eels were significantly lower than that of wild broodstock eels(P<0.05), without siginificance(P>0.05) is the accounted for essential amino acids and the total amino acids; total amino acids, essential and non-essecctial amino acids of starved eels was significantly lower than that of wild broodstock eel(P<0.05). The result indicated that amino acids in the liver and muscles are utilized during long-term starvation, and the extensive use of essential amino acids.3 Changes of fatty acid in the body after artificial ripening and long-term starvation of freshwater eelsIn this study,20 fatty acids were detected, including five kinds of saturated fatty acids, six kinds of monounsaturated fatty acids, nine kinds of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Total n-3 fatty acids was significantly lower (P<0.05), and n-6 fatty acid had no significant changes(P>0.05). In muscle n-6 fatty acid was significantly increased (P<0.05) and n-3 fatty acid had no significant changes (P>0.05) in liver, where as n-3/n-6 increased slightly in gonad of artificial ripening eels than the wild eels; ARA had no significant changes in muscle, DHA had no significant changes in the liver of eels who were long-term starvation than the wild eels. The results show that, eels uses a lot of fatty acids to provide energy. Atificially matured eels transfer n-3 fatty acids in muscle and liver to gonads to improve the quality of the eggs whereas starved eels use intramuscular fat to sustain life activities, intramuscular ARA had no significant changes on its physiologes and DHA had no significant changes in the liver, indicating a stable biofilm structure.4 Changes of Serum biochemical composition and structure of blood cells after artificial ripening and long-term starvation of freshwater eelsThe content of triglycerides, total phosphorus, glucose in serum were significantly higher in artificially matured eels than the wild eels. Content of total protein, cholesterol were significantly lower and albumin showed no significant change. Lymphocytes and monocytes percentage of white blood cells droped below wild eels whiles soterocytes and neutrophil percentage of white blood cells is higher. Major diameter percentage of minor axis of blood cell were significatly lower than the wild eels. Cytoplasm area of lymphocyte was significant lower, but the nucleus area was significantly higher. The picture can be observed that the surface of synapses and microvilli of lymphocyte were less than wild eels and cytoplasm of neutrophils, monocytes and lymphocytes of physalides more were than wild eels.Content of total protein, triglycerides, cholesterol in serum of long-term starvation eels were significantly lower than wild eels. Albumin, phosphorus, glucose levels did not change significantly; lymphocyte and leukocytes of leukocytes was slightly higher than wild eels whiles monocytes and neutrophils were slightly lower. The major diameter percentage of minor axis of blood cell were signification lower than wild eels. Cytoplasm area of lymphocyte was significantly lower than wild eels, while there was no significant changes in the nucleus area. It can be see from the picture that little of microvilli of lymphocyte surface and synapses, more physalides in cytoplasm of neutrophils, monocytes and lymphocytes and rarely have mitochondria in red cells. The results show that:the formation of vitellogenin prompted phosphorus increased in the process of gonadal development. Gluconeogenesis also prompted increase in glucose levels. Total protein and cholesterol provide energy and produce yolk protein original, reduced the surface area of the cells to reduce its metabolic and save energy, used the cytoplasm (sugars, proteins, lipids) and other nutrients of blood cells to provide energy for their gonadal develonment and nrovide enerev. |
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