| With the spring corn, “Xianyu 335” as the tested seeds, the paper starts trying some experiments and investigates in water-saving agriculturalexperiment station,Ganzhou District, Zhangye City. With five different cultivation ways, such as the strip film, full film, film covered with soil, sandy land and straw returning to field, the paper carries on the same water and the same fertilizer. By compared with CK bare land and with the sole cropping, the paper studies in the process of intercropping and monoculture corn planting the influence affected by different cultivation methods on soil temperature, soil moisture, and growth physiological characteristics of corn. The paper also probes covering effect of spring corn with different cultivation methods.This paper provides the scientific and effective reference data for the establishment of more perfect mode in the irrigation of corn and follow-up studies. Through the experimental study and theoretical analysis, the paper finally obtains the following conclusions:1. With the different cultivation methods, soil temperature has the significant influence in seeding stage of intercropping and monoculture corn. In the seeding stage of maize, the temperature of soil field is lower than other cultivation methods, and the heat preservation effect of full film and strip film are good in the daytime.In the 0-5centimeters range, the soil temperature is more sensitive to air temperature, and two have direct ratio relations.Under the same cultivation pattern, the average soil temperature of intercropping maize is2-5 degrees lower than the soil temperature of monoculture maize.2. The farming layer which has influence onthe required moisture in the growth of crops is mainly concentrated in the depth range of 0-60 cm. soil moisture indifferent cultivation methods has significant difference. In the fourmulching treatments the soil moisture content is higher than straw turnover and CK contrast. In the whole growth period ofmonoculture andintercropping maize, the water storage of sandy soil is the highest, andfilm covered with soil is thesecond.In the corn seedling stage, the soil moisture content of 3 sampling layersin 0-60 cm is the highest, followed by filmcovered with soil.With 6 cultivation treatments the analysis results of the corn cumulative evaporation in the whole growth period are consistent, and the average evaporation in sequence from high to low is:straw turnover(72.37%) > CK(54.47%) >strip film(54.05%) > full film(42.15%) >film covered with soil(40.42%) >sandy land(31.60%).Through the experiment the paper finds sandy land can effectively improve soil moisture, reduce soil evaporation, and increase water use efficiency,followed by film covered with soil.3. Through the plant height of corn to analyze the growthconditions with different cultivationways, the plant height of intercroppingcorn at differentgrowth stages are lower than monoculturecorn, and different cultivation treatments in seeding stage, elongation stage, and bell stage have more influence on plant height than late stage. The average plant height of intercropping and monoculture cornin sequence from high to low is: sandy land>film covered with soil>full film>strip film>straw turnover> CK, which shows that the influence of sandy land on corn plant heightis best, followed by film covered with soil.The leaf areas of spring corn with different cultivation treatmentshave significant difference.Because of the effect of the growthcovered by pea,leaf areavalue of the whole intercropping maize is less than monoculture maize. The growth trend of intercropping and monoculture corn leaf area is growing quickly in earlier stage,reaching the maximum intasseling stage, stopping the growth of leaf after tasseling stage, and because of the factors such as weather, pests which leadsthat the corn leaf area in milk-ripe stage is less than tasseling stage. The average leaf area values of monoculture maize in the whole growth stagesin sequence from high to low is:film covered with soil(3339.89cm2) > sandy land(3200.47cm2) > full film(2979.55cm2) > straw turnover(2509.58cm2) > strip film(2606.01cm2) > CK(1713.33cm2), and the average leaf area values of intercropping maize in the whole growth stagesin sequence from high to low is:film covered with soil(2577.64cm2) >sandy land(2263.61cm2) >full film(2111.38cm2) > straw turnover(2138.14cm2)> strip film(1896.22cm2) > CK(1201.34cm2).The accumulation of some dry material in the overground part of corn directly affects the final yield.The dry matter weight of monoculture maize with different cultivation ways in seeding stage has significant difference.In the growth stage of corn, film covered with soil is most conducive to the accumulation of dry matter.4. The yields of corn with different cultivation treatments have difference yield-increasing effect, whichis reflected in the ear traits of maize. The ear of corn with sandy land is the thickest, the longest and the shortest in bald tip length. And therows per ear and row grains of corn are the maximum value of 6 cultivation ways.But the low germination rate affects the overall yield with sandy land, and the higher human and financial resources leads comprehensive evaluation of economic benefit is not high. The model ofsandy landis time-consuming in practice, so in the process ofcorn planting the majority of farmers do not choose sandy land. But the nitrogen absorption rate of intercropping and monoculture cornwith sandy land is high and the nitrogen use efficiency is high,which shows the model ofsandy land can effectively play the role of preserving soil moisture to further reduce the evaporation and loss of fertilizer from the surface soil.Comparedwiththe advantage of sandy land mode, at this stage the way of film covered with soil should be vigorously promoted.Because of the highest economic benefit of this way, the difficulty in promotion should be far less than sandy field, and it is also very easy to implement in the actual production process. |
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