Effect Of Water Controlling On Water Use And Quality Of Brew Grape Under Drip Irrigation In Hexi Oasis Irrigation Area

In order to study the best water requirement during different growth period of brew grape, the field experiment was performed in 2014 in Wuwei Weilong grape base in Gansu Province, by using Merlot(Merlot) as the test material. The experiment was performed by using moderate and severe water deficit irrigation of brew grape in different growth periods, to observe the field soil moisture content, soil temperature, growth and development, yield, water use efficiency and other related indicators. Finally, we studied the optimal regulated deficit irrigation mode through the analysis and comparison of different attributes. To provide a theoretical basis for the support of the local development and quality optimization of water-saving irrigation of brew grapes, the experiment with a total of twelve treatments, moderate water deficit of germination period(MG), moderate water deficit of pumping vine period(MP), moderate water deficit of florescence period(MF), moderate water deficit of enlargement period(ME), moderate water deficit of coloring maturity period(MC), severe water deficit of germination period(SG), severe water deficit of pumping vine period(SP), severe water deficit of florescence period(SF), severe water deficit of enlargement period(SE), severe water deficit of coloring maturity period(SC), abundance water of enlargement period(AE) and conventional irrigation respectively(CK) was performed. The main results are as follows:(1) The soil moisture of 0~20cm variations is larger, and with the increase of soil depth, soil moisture variations gradually tends to decrease, to the 80~100cm section is basically stable, throughout the soil profile water content of regulated deficit treatment was lower than CK. The soil water consumption with different irrigation amount showed a difference, but the consumption of growth period showed the same trend, as follows enlargement period>coloring maturity period>pumping vine period>florescence period>germination period; the water consumption intensity as follows enlargement period>coloring maturity period>florescence period>pumping vine period>germination period. It indicated that the more irrigation amount within a certain range enhanced the water consumption and its intensity.(2) After water deficit treatment of the growth period, regulated deficit irrigation has a certain degree influence on soil temperature during the growth period and the next growth period equally. The temperature of 0~5cm soil profile was effected by regulated deficit irrigation, with the increase of soil depth, which influence has diminished gradually. The soil temperature of water deficit treatment was higher than that of CK, and the more serious than water stress. The higher the soil temperature to a certain extent, the temperature of 0~5cm soil profile increased from 1℃~1.5℃ than CK equally.(3) Moderating water deficit in pumping vine period and germination period could inhibit the vegetative growth of brew grape, and then promote reproductive growth. For the whole growth period, berry enlargement period is a key growth period decides fruit size of brew grape, water deficit in this period will significantly affect the normal growth of the fruit, and with the increase of water deficit degree, the detrimental effects will become more obvious. After water deficit treatment in the period, transverse, longitudinal diameter of ME and SE were smaller than that of CK 8.3% and 22.1%, 9.5% and 17.4%.(4) Moderate water deficit to effect of yield of brew grape was not significant in germination period, pumping vine period and coloring maturity period, but it has a certain positive role for improving the water use efficiency. While moderate, severe water deficit in berry enlargement period will lead to the reduction, the production of ME and SE compared with CK decreased by 43.1% and 52.7% respectively. The water use efficiency compared with CK decreased by 32.3% and 36.5% respectively. It showed that the brew grape yield and water use efficiency water of deficit during berry enlargement period had significant negative impact.(5) Through data validation, brew grape water production function, Jensen model is more suitable than Blank model to the region, and the water sensitive coefficient of brew grape according to berry enlargement period, coloring maturity period, florescence period, pumping vine period, germination period, in descending order, and the water consumption basic agreement.(6) There are some differences in different growth period of water deficit treatment on the quality of brew grape. Moderate, severe deficit irrigation in berry enlargement period can inhibit the accumulation of total sugar of brew grape; reduce the content of tannins, total phenols. The total sugar, tannin and total phenolic content of ME and SE than that of CK were decreased by 11.8% and 17.2%, 7.1% and 11.2%, 9.4% and 18.5%; While water deficit in coloring maturity period can promote the accumulation of total sugar of brew grape, increase tannin, total phenol content, good for reducing the titratable acid content, anthocyanin accumulation. The total sugar content of MC was higher than CK 6.6%. The titratable acid is lower than CK 9.8%, while the tannin content of SC was higher than CK 21.6%, the total phenolic content was higher than CK 51.2%, and anthocyanins promote 5.4% than CK. It shows that water deficit treatment in coloring maturity period can significantly improve the quality of brew grape.Moderate regulated deficit irrigation in germination period, can significantly improve the water use efficiency, whereas moderate regulated deficit irrigation in coloring maturity period, had no significant effect on yield, but improve the water use efficiency, content of anthocyanins, total sugar, tannin and total phenols of brew grape to a large extent. Although it reduced the titratable acid content, namely quality is far better than the contrast. Therefore, moderate regulated deficit irrigation in germination period and coloring maturity period is better and it optimally regulated deficit irrigation mode, that has good effect on yield and it improved the nutritional quality of brew grape, due to the optimal control of water and irrigation system.