| Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.)Iljinskaja is the secondary protected plant in China. Flowing phase, environmental factors (temperature, precipitation, illumination), carbohydrate (soluble sugar and starch), soluble protein, antioxidant enzyme (POD, SOD, CAT) and POD, SOD isozyme electrophoresis are analyzed in order to understand the C. paliurus sapling flowers’sex differentiation patterns. The results showed that:1. The appearing time of C. paliurus flowers is related with accumulated temperature before anthesis, high temperature summation in first three months followed with an early flowering, and low temperature summation followed with a late flowering. Male flower can be observed in early April, while female flower would generally flower a week later than it.But they all has a close full-bloom time, so that nature pollination can be achieved between individuals during the best pollination period.2. There are many sex types in seedlings, including male, female and hermaphrodite, and the occurrence probability of female plant has significant positive correlation with the precipitation in the last year and 6 months lighting before anthesis, individuals of other sex types temporarily has no obvious connection with the temperature and sunlight.3. Nutritional point of view, Male plant need low nutrition. Female is the highest, and the diameter at breast height of hermaphrodite plant is the largest. There are some morphological differences between the different sex types, male has smaller branching angle (35-37 degrees) than female (39-42 degrees) and hermaphrodite (45-48 degrees) with biggest angle.4. During the early stages of differentiation, contents of Soluble sugar and starch are lower in all the sex types, with the differentiating of flower bud, content gradually increase, starch increased slower than soluble sugar, and soluble sugar (March 28th) peaked earlier than starch (April 11th) with a falling later on. This process proved that the accumulation of soluble sugar and starch contributes to the differentiation of flower bud, and soluble sugar and starch be consumed during the process, hermaphrodite has the highest consumption, while the male plant has the lowest.5. Content changes of soluble protein extremely consistence in all the sex type, which rise sharply from March 7th to March 14th, then gradually reduced to the content that in vegetative growth level. It illustrated that the protein rapidly be accumulated in early period, and be consumed with the process, But there is no significant difference of protein content in all three sex types.6. Tendency of dynamic changes of POD, SOD, and CAT in all the sex types is generally the same. POD activity increase and then decrease, peaked on March 28th and then shapely decreased to slowly low level. Male plant has high POD activity, and female plant is lower than it, hermaphrodite is the lowest one. POD activity keeps on increasing in the whole process, which increased rapidly from March 7th to March 14th and then slow down. Changes of CAT activity is different, which kept on slowly increasing from March 7th until April 20th, and rapidly increased from April 20th to April 27th.Male plant has lowest CAT activity and female has the highest, showed that the high activities of antioxidant enzymes in favor of the flower bud differentiation process, and different in different types. Male has the highest POD activity and hermaphrodite has the highest CAT activity.7. By comparing the POD isozyme, the expression amount of POD isozymes bands is different in different sex types. Hermaphrodite has more bands 3 than male plant, and female has more bands 4 than male with absence of band 3. From the view of expression amount, male has the highest expression amount, hermaphrodite is less and female is the lowest. By comparing the SOD isozyme, Hermaphrodite has more bands 2 than male and female plant, and band 4 and 5 of Hermaphrodite has more expression amount than that of male and female plant. |
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