Research In Occurrence And Comprehensive Control Of Diseases And Pests Of ‘baleng’ Sponge Gourd In Greenhouse

Districts of Shouguang Shandong and Liandu Lishui are the concentrated area of ‘Baleng’ sponge gourd. For the low level of greenhouse planting technologies, greenhouse vegetables get heavy diseases and insect pests and using pesticides are the only way to maintain vegetable production. What’s more, pesticide usage is a big problem in many areas and among many peasants. And ‘Baleng’ sponge gourd is no exception. This topic is aim to do a systemic investigation and summarization of greenhouse ‘Baleng’ sponge gourd in Bihu Liandu Lishui, and then to provide a guidance for scientific usage of pesticide.Plenty of references show that, the main diseases of ‘Baleng’ sponge gourd are Cercospora leaf spot of Luffa, sponge gourd anthracnose, sponge gourd wilt, sponge gourd blight, sponge gourd downy mildew, Cucumber mosaic virus and seedling damping-off and the primary insect pests of it are Aphis gossypii, Yellow melon lea beetle, Thrips fevas Schrank, yellow tea mite, Glyphodes indica Saunders, Liriomyza sativae Blanchard and Bactrocera(Zeugodacus) cucuribitae(Coquillett). Investigations by visiting ‘Baleng’ sponge gourd growers and by checking relative historical data with the help of the agricultural sector workers show that Aphis gossypii, Yellow melon lea beetle, Thrips fevas Schrank, yellow tea mite and Glyphodes indica Saunders, Cercospora leaf spot of Luffa, sponge gourd anthracnose, sponge gourd wilt, sponge gourd blight and sponge gourd downy mildew are the main diseases and insect pests of ‘Baleng’ sponge gourd on the plain area of Lishui.This research selected thirty greenhouse planting ‘Baleng’ sponge gourd in the provincial modern agricultural demonstration zone in Bihu Liandu Lishui to be the experimental field, investigated the growth rhythm of the five main diseases and five main insect pests and did the selection of several chemical control agentia. And the distribution、harming phenomenon and performance of different chemical control agentia treatments were recorded in detail, timely and normatively, as well as photograph records on the occurrence of each diseases and insect pests by SLR camera.The main results of the experiment are as follows:1. The investigation of the diseases and their regularity of ‘Baleng’ sponge gourd showed that Cercospora leaf spot of Luffa, sponge gourd anthracnose, sponge gourd wilt, sponge gourd blight and sponge gourd downy mildew are the main diseases of the ‘Baleng’ sponge gourd here, and they, except sponge gourd blight which damages fruit, all damage leaf. The conidia of them are spread by wind and rain, meanwhile, sponge gourd anthracnose can also be spread by pests carrying or field operation of the agricultural worker. And June and July are their concentration period for the adequate rain.2. The investigation of the pests and their regularity of ‘Baleng’ sponge gourd showed that Aphis gossypii, Yellow melon lea beetle, Thrips fevas Schrank, yellow tea mite and Glyphodes indica Saunders are the main pests of the ‘Baleng’ sponge gourd here, and they all damage leaf. On the point of damage grade the pests showed here, Aphis gossypii, Yellow tea mite and Glyphodes indica Saunders are in grade of severe, Thrips fevas Schrank is in grade of medium, and Yellow melon lea beetle is in grade of slight.3. The chemical control experiment of the diseases and pests of ‘Baleng’ sponge gourd showed that the effective control agent of Cercospora leaf spot of Luffa are 12% milk green copper EC, 47% Kasumin + Bordeaux wettable powder, 50% metalaxyl wettable powder, 60% Fosetyl-aluminum wettable powder and 64% oxadixyl mancozebwettable powder; the effective control agent of sponge gourd anthracnose are 75% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder + 75%chlorothalonil wettable powder, 50% iprodione wettable powder, 50% benomyl wettable powder, 70% mancozeb wettable powder and 65% zineb wettable powder; the effective control agent of sponge gourd wilt are 50% iprodione wettable powder and 12.5% myclobutanil EC; the effective control agent of sponge gourd blight are 72% cymoxanil mancozeb wettable powder, 72% DuPont curzate, 56% Kao shan WG and 18% metalaxyl; the effective control agent of sponge gourd downy mildew are 58% metalaxyl + mancozeb wettable powder, 33.5% Bi lv Second, 40% dimethomorph WG, 72% Dan ke wettable powder, 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder �'� 50% metalaxyl wettable powder; the effective control agent of aphis gossypii are 21% pesticide destroying EC and 2.5% bifenthrin EC; the effective control agent of yellow melon lea beetle is 90% dipterex; the effective control agent of thrips fevas schrank are 20% carbosulfan EC and 40% confidor solvent; the effective control agent of yellow tea mite are 73% propargite EC and 25% chinomethionat wettable powder; the effective control agent of glyphodes indica saunders is 25% insecticidal double agent.