| It is published in "2012 Report on the State of Environment in China " by Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People’s Republic of China that acid rain pollution is still severe in 466 City where acid rain were monitored in 2012. Wheat is third biggest cereals, which is widely grown in the world. Wheat is the main food for most people, so people are more concerned with its production and quality. In this paper, two year’s pot experiments were carried out to study the effects of acid rain happened at different grain development stage on the physiology characteristic and yield quality in Ningmail5 and Jiningl2. The result showed that:1、In acid rain treatments, chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of Ningmai15 flag declined, production rate of O2- increased, H2O2 content declined, SOD and APX activity decreased, CAT and POD activity and MDA content increased. Grain number, grain weight and yield per stem indexes significantly decreased. While in Jiningl2, net photosynthetic rate declined, chlorophyll content rised, while after stress, net photosynthetic rate significantly increased, the activity of SOD,CAT,POD and APX increased, MDA content declined; so grain number, grain weight and yield per stem and other indicators increased. And aftereffect of acid rain stress exacerbate in Ningmai15, self-healing was obvious in Jiningl2, aftereffect was 0-4d DAA>15-19d DAA> 5-9dDAA.2、Effects of acid rain of different grain development stage after anthesis was different in two wheat varieties, it was more complex in acid rain treatment, but aftereffect of acid rain was same in different growth period. For Ningmai15, soluble sugar decreased, sucrose content decreased first then increased in leaf and grain in pH2.5 treatment, SPS、SS activity reduced in leaf; for Jining12, sugar content in different organ increased in 0-4d DAA treatment. And SPS、SS activity increased after mid-filling stage. Starch、 amylopectin、amylose content reduced in Ningmail5, SS、ADPGPPase、SSS activity decreased in grain; And it has no obvious effect in starch content of Jiningl2, SS、 ADPGPPase、SSS activity increased after mid-filling stage. But Nitrogen metabolism is contrary to carbon metabolism. Free amino acid content increased first then decreased, N content and NR, GS activity increased in leaf and grain of Ningmail5, soluble protein decreased in leaf. Free amino acid content decreased first then increased in Jiningl2, N content and NR, GS activity decreased in leaf and grain, soluble protein content rised. So it was more complex in different wheat varieties with acid rain of different grain development stage after anthesis, but aftereffect of Carbon and Nitrogen metabolism is more serious in Ningmai15. Inhibit Carbon metabolism, but promote nitrogen metabolism, Jining12 was contrary to it, and aftereffect was 0-4DAA> 15-19DAA>5-9DAA.3、Grain weight reduced, grain number per spike and yield per stem declined, and filling peak appeared early in Ningmail5; but has no significantly effect in grain weight of Jiningl2, yield per stem rised, delayed the time of filling peak appeared in 0-4DAA treatment; increased the transport of storage material in flowing and contribution to grain, decreased contribution to grain of substances accumulate after flowering, Jining12 was contrary to it. And declined nitrogen translocation, transfer rate, nitrogen contribution rate to grain before flowering storage, nitrogen accumulation after flowering and nitrogen contribution rate to grain after flowers storage has significantly increased, Jining12 was contrary to it. And has a effect in quality else, showed that: increased protein content and protein constituent in Ningmai15, after SAR, GMP and HMW-GS content increased, they showed the same in different grain development stage, Jining12 was opposite to it; So it inhibit the form of yield and has a good effect in quality forming in Ningmail5,and Jining12 was contrary to it,after effect showed 0-4DAA> 15-19DAA>5-9DAA. |
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