| Spodoptera litura(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae) is one of the major agricultural pests both at home and abroad.This paper aimed to explored relationships between temperature and their growth and development, effects of the supplement of the moth on adult reproductive capacity and life, choosing the S.litura in Harbin area as the research object and also tested the low temperature outdoor wintering simulation to the moth. In order to forecast the occurrence of S.litura and prevention provide a solid theoretical basis for the control in advance.This study also optimized the artificial rearing technique of S.litura. The composition of "leaf factor" that is benefit to growth and development of S.litura was screened from feed formula, which made a solid foundation for mass rearing and keeping source of S.litura in laboratory.The main results of research are as follows:(1) Clarifying developmentl threshold temperature and effective accumulative temperature of each worm state of S. lituraThe development threshold temperatures were 9.07± 0.92 ℃, 11.23± 3.52 ℃,13.88±0.65 ℃ and 12.01± 2.21 ℃for egg, larva, pupa, egg to mature adult respectly, the effective accumulated temperature were 57.76 ± 3.08day-degrees for eggs, 225.10± 6.12 day-degrees for larve, 122.03 ±6.00 day-degrees for pupa, 437.29±30.77 day-degrees for mature adult.(2) Clarifying the optimum temperature of each worm state of S. lituraOptimum temperature for egg was 27.47 ℃, and the egg hatching rate was expected to be 92.98%. the optimum temperature of larvae is 28.86 ℃, the highest survival rate of larvae was expected to be 86.71%. Optimum temperature for pupa development is 25.84 ℃, the highest survival rates of pupa was expected to be 93.85%.(3) The effects of nutritional supplements on oviposition and longevity of S. litura adults were specifiedThe preoviposition experience time was the shortest for 1.94 d if the 15% honey water was as a nutritional supplement liquid of S. litura. Meanwhile, 15% honey water sucrose solution experienced the longest female adult longevity for 10.97 d. The biggest amount to lay eggs for 2016.00 grains / female in condition of 10% honey wate, with significant difference compared with the control of 15% honey water and 15% sugar water,the best liquid nutritional supplement is 10% honey water for adult of S. litura.(4) The overwintering of S. litura in the Harbin area was clarified.After outdoor and indoor low temperature overwintering test on S. litura pupae, we found that the pupae of S. litura in Harbin area can not normal survive and emerge through the winter.(5) The effects of "leaf factor" on growth and development of S. litura had became more clearThe effects of "leaf factor" on growth and development of first instar of S. litura: There is no significant effect on pupae weights, pupae duration,female-male ratio, the pre-oviposition period, adult longevity, egg duration, egg hatching rate between feed different media artificial diet and natural feed.The survival rate of larva fed on added Brassica pekinensis leaf powder is the highest.The pupation rate, adult emergence rate and oviposition of S. litura fed on added Chenopodium album leaf powder is the highest, and there had significant difference with artificial diet without leaf fator and natural diet.In the artificial diet medium to added Brassica pekinensis leaf powder and Chenopodium album leaf powder was helpful to the first generation of the growth and development of S. litura.The effects of "leaf factor" on growth and development of five generations of S. litura: The mean of 5 generation development duration is significant extended than ck after feeding with artificial diet. The group which adding Brassica pekinensis leaf powder had significant difference with artificial diet without leaf fator and natural diet on survival rate of larve, pupation rate,adult emergence rate and pupa weight for two to five generation. The survival rate and pupa weight had no significant difference between each generaion, making it suitable for continuous feeding in the lab.Then Chenopodium album leaf powder has no significant difference with Brassica pekinensis leaf powder that survival tate of larve, adult emergence rate and pupa weight. There is significant difference on the mean survival rate, adult emergence rate and weight of pupa of 5 five generation than artificial diet without leaf fator and natural diet.(6) The overall efficiency of "leaf factor" on S. litura larvae had became more clearThe artificial diet which added Brassica pekinensis leaf powder can effectively improve the 3 instar larvae of relative growth rate,and has significant differences with that without leaf fator. The food conversion rate of 3 instar larvae is highest when Chenopodium album leaves powder is added, and has no significant differences with that added Brassica pekinensis leaf powder,and has significant differences with other formula of artificial diet. But the food utilization efficiency has no significant differences with differents formulations of artificial diet. |
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