Analysis Of Genetic Diversity Of Buckwheat And Construction Of Fingerprints

Buckwheat originated from the southwest region of China, where distribute a large number of local varieties buckwheat and wild relatives. This paper research the genetic diversity analysis of 81 parts buckwheat and wild resources by morphology, cytology and SSR markers, which was collected from the southwest of China. The morphology analysis show clear characteristics of different kinds of buckwheat, meanwhile find out the fact that 14 morphologies of buckwheat can bulid 48 markers. By the cluster analysis of buckwheat morphological markers found that the buckwheat can be grouped into three categories when the genetic similarity coefficient was 0.732, the first group is F.tataricum and F.kashmirianum generated together, the second group is consists of F.esculentum, F.esculentum ssp.ancestralis, F.cymosum and F.leptopodum var.grossii, the third group is made up of Furophyllum, F.gracilipes var. odontopterum, F. densovillosum, F.gracilipes and F.leptopodum. In the morphological analysis we discover that the only difference between F.gracilipes var. odontopterum and F.gracilipes is that compare to the fruit of latter, the former exist another fruit wings.The different ploidy of buckwheat species was revealed by the karyotype analysis of 11 buckwheat species, and draw conclusions that the d2 genetic relationship is closed between F.esculentum and F.esculentum ssp.ancestralis; the F.cymosum we used in this experiment is diploid, not tetraploid; the genetic relationshipity of F.tataricum and F.cymosum is more colser than F.esculentum; F.densovillosum used in this study is F.gracilipes. The F.gracilipes observation detected the F.urophyllum possess the tetraploid and diploid cells in the same root apical while the amount of diploid cells is larger. SSR molecular marker research shows that the 84 alleles were detected in the 19 pairs of SSR primers, average per SSR primers amplified 4.421 alleles, the average Shannon’s information index was 0.985 and the average PIC was 0.478 in the 19 pairs of SSR primers. The coefficient of 81 copies of buckwheat can be divided into four categories when the genetic similarity coefficient is 0.732:the first category is made up of F.gracilipes var. odontopterum, F.gracilipes, F.leptopodum var. grossii, F.leptopodum, F. densovillosum and F.urophyllum; the second category is consist of F.esculentum and F.esculentum ssp.ancestralis; the third category is F.cymosum; the the F.tataricum and F.kashmirianum composed the fourth category. The arabica group of buckwheat species can clearly distinguish the F.leptopodum var.grossii, F.urophyllum, F.gracilipes var. odontopterum and F.gracilipes when the genetic coefficient is 0.920. The analysis of SSR marker genetic similarity coefficient and cluster demonstrated that the genetic relationshipity between F.tataricum and F.cymosum is nearer than F.esculentum, and the genetic relationship of large group of buckwheat species (F.esculentum, F.esculentum ssp.ancestralis, F.tataricum, F.kashmirianum, F.cymosum) and F.urophyllum is closer. Several pairs of primers can clearly distinguish the difference kinds of buckwheat, the fingerprinting of buckwheat species can be builded by SSR molecular marker. Based on the morphology, cytology and SSR molecular markers, the materimals used in this experimence is actually six kinds, namely F.esculentum, F.tataricum, F.cymosum, F. gracilipes, F. leptopodum, F. urophyllum, one subspecies of F.esculentum ssp.ancestrale, three varietas of F.kashmirianum, F. gracilipes vsa.odontopterum, F. leptopodum var. grossii. F.urophyllum elatively unique, may be more primitive. Morphological found F.esculentum closer kinship with the F.cymosum than F.tataricum,but the result in karyotype analysis and SSR markers study is antithetical. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for the genetic relationship analysis and breeding of the buckwheat species.