| Rice, the world’s major food crops all over the world, is about more than one-second of the people view rice as the staple food. Silicon is one of essential elements to normal growth of rice, and it has reached a consensus on improving the yield of rice with silicon. However, the studies showed that different genotypes rice responsed differently to silicon. The effect of silicon on rice varied from phosphorus level to level. Thus, the pots and plots were carried out to screen the high-efficiency rice in 25 rice varieties which are the main cultivated varieties in Hainan with and without silicon application (in low silicon and silicon-deficiency levels). The changes of yields at two levels were used to screen in this paper. After that the characteristics response of silicon and phosphorus of silicon high-efficency rice seedlings was studied in this paper using 2 factors and 2×3 levels complete random design. The main experimental results were as follows:1. We selected 10 silicon high-efficiency varieties (Bo Ⅱ you 26, Guanghui998, Bo Ⅱ you 618, Teyou 998, Bo II you 235, Teyou 9846, Qiguiyou 306, Wanjinyou 802, Ⅱ you 629 and Teyou 248) on the basis of the change of yields, four of which were silicon high-efficiency varieties (Teyou 9846, Wanjinyou 802, Ⅱ you 629 and Teyou 248) of low silicon no-tolerance, and the rest of varieties were silicon high-efficiency varieties of low silicon tolerance.In this study, dry weight of the straw was significantly correlated with the yield of rice (P<0.01), dry weight of the straw can be used as a screening index of the silicon high-efficiency varieties.2. Among these rice varieties, applying silicon fertilizer effected differently on this economic indexs such as ears, seeds per ear,1000-seed weight. The influences of silicon fertilizer on the indexs also were different among the silicon high-efficiency rice varieties. However, the effect of silicon fertilizer on the plant height of rice was not significantly different among these rice varieties, only on some varieties silicon have enhanced the plant height.3. Silicon concentration in the husk of silicon high-efficiency rice varieties during maturity varied significantly from rice species to species. In the silicon-deficiency treatment, silicon concentration in the straw was not significant difference among different varieties, while silicon concentration in the straw and husk were more significantly increased in the silicon high-efficiency varieties; silicon concentration in rice was also not significant difference among different varieties in silicon-deficiency level, while silicon concentration of rice was more significantly increased in silicon high-efficiency varieties of low silicon tolerance. Changes of nitrogen concentration showed significant differences in different organs such as the straw, the husk and rice, while phosphorus concentration of different parts of rice was significantly correlated one another (P<0.01).4. The hydroponic experiment showed that Si-P interaction effect of the rice seedlings in the low phosphorus(1.24 mg/L) level was more prominent, and it varied from silicon level to level. The medium and high silicon levels can promote the shoot growth of rice, while low silicon level can promoted chlorophyll concentration with the low phosphorus level. In the low phosphorus level, the root-shoot ratio, root length and chlorophyll concentration of rice Bo II you 618 were higher in the low silicon (14 mg/L); the root dry weight of rice was lower in the moderate silicon level (56 mg/L); the shoot dry weight, tiller number and the silicon concentration in the shoot and root of rice were higher while the root tips was lower in the high silicon level (112 mg/L).But there were no significant correlation with the plant height, root surface area, root volume, nitrogen concentration in the root, phosphorus concentration in the shoot and root at the silicon levels.In the moderate phosphorus level(10 mg/L), the low silicon promoted phosphorus uptake of rice, the high silicon inhibited the development of the root, the medium silicon made a significant effect on the plant height. In the moderate phosphorus level, the root length and phosphorus concentration in the shoot of rice Bo Ⅱ you 618 were higher in the low silicon level; the plant height was higher in the moderate silicon level; the silicon concentration in the root and shoot of rice was higher while the the root dry weight, root-shoot ratio, root tips and chlorophyll concentration were lower in the high silicon level; However, the silicon levels were no significant correlation with the shoot dry height, tiller number, root surface area, root volume, nitrogen concentration in the shoot and root, phosphorus concentration in the root.5. Silicon high-efficency rice (Bo Ⅱ you 618) and silicon-insensitive rice (Bo Ⅱ you 15) were compared. In the low phosphorus and low silicon treatment, the chlorophyll concentration of rice Bo Ⅱ you 618 was significantly higher than that of rice Bo Ⅱ you 15; In the low phosphorus and moderate silicon treatment, the shoot and root dry weight, plant height and nitrogen concentration in the shoot of rice Bo Ⅱ you 618 were significantly lower than that of rice Bo Ⅱ you 15, while the phosphorus in the shoot of rice Bo Ⅱ you 618 was significantly higher compared to rice Bo Ⅱ you 15; In the low phosphorus and high silicon treatment, the shoot dry weight and root volume of rice Bo Ⅱ you 618 were significantly higher than that of rice Bo Ⅱ you 15, while the nitrogen concentration in the shoot of rice Bo Ⅱ you 618 was significantly lower compared to rice Bo Ⅱ you 15; In the moderate phosphorus and low silicon treatment, the shoot dry weight and chlorophyll concentration of rice Bo II you 618 were significantly higher than that of rice Bo II you 15, while the nitrogen concentration in the shoot of rice Bo Ⅱyou 618 was significantly lower compared to rice Bo Ⅱ you 15; In the moderate phosphorus and moderate silicon treatment, the chlorophyll concentration of rice Bo II you 618 was significantly higher than that of rice Bo II you 15, while the nitrogen concentration in the shoot of rice Bo II you 618 was significantly lower compared to rice Bo Ⅱ you 15. |
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