| Bactrocera minax Enderlein is one of the major citrus pests in China, also called orange maggots, which occurs one generation a year, reports from Hunan province, Hubei province, Yunnan province, Guizhou province, Sichuan province and Shanxi province.Various management strategys are adopted to control the fly, but the problems have not been solved yet. In order to exploring effective management strategy, behaviours and artificial breeding of B.minax are studyed in laboratory.The feeding, courtship, mating and oviposition behavior process of adult fly was recorded, and then the preference of larva to citru variety and tendency behavior to the prefer citru odor were tested and analysed. Moreover, optimal design of some kinds of nutritional supplements for better artificial diet are proceeded. Finally, various datas about B.minax pupa are recorded and analysed.The results are as follow:1. The preference of Bactrocera minax larva to citru variety and tropotaxes to the prefered citru odorSeven species of citrus were choiced as the tested material of fly larva, including Bingtang orange, Navel orange, Mi tangerine, Gong tangerine, Bingtang tangerine, Nan tangerine and Shatian pomelo, by petri dishes orange petal selection method.. The results showed that the Bingtang orange is the most preference citru to fly larva, with total larva numbers 39.44%, and the Navel orange is the next with that of 30.00%.But larva hadn’t chose Shatian pomelo during the testing period.The tendency behaviours of larva to odours were tested by using of Y-shape tubes to provide three strength of airflow (including 1.0 Pa,2.0 Pa,3.0Pa), and take bingtang orange as smell source material.The result showed that the choice of larva is without bias (P>0.05) under the three tested strength of airflow. This suggested olfaction of B.minax larva is katagenesis because larva drills fruits for feeding until pupation. Reaction to different odours is not obvious, feeding choice depends on taste judgment mainly.2. Feeding behaviors of Bactrocera minax adultUnder laboratory conditions, B. minax adult are raised in conical flask separately and are feeded by 5% brown sugar water,5% honey water,5% cane sugar water and 5% white sugar water as well as 1%、10% and 20% brown sugar water.The results showed that, the choices of different kinds of syrups and different concentration of brown sugar water are statistical significance (P<0.05), the adults prefer 5% brown sugar water more to others. Under the same conditions, between the two geographical positions of X1 and X2, or sex, the results have no significant differernce..3. Reproductive behaviors of Bactrocera minax adultThrough observation in laboratory, reproductive behaviors are devided into two process which occur in the afternoon.The mating behavior of B. minax adult occurs all day which included behavior before mating (courtship behavior), mating behavior and cleaning behavior after mating. However, courtship behavior occured in laboratoroy was not obvioused. Mating behavior were founded after oviposition. When female imago pull out the ovipositor, male imago which bends on female would mate with the female immediately. The time of mating lasts 1～3h. Male adult will twitch the ovipositor of female in the 10th or 20th minutes. After that, both male and female clean their genitalias.The time for spawning lasts 5min-2h. Oviposition behavior of B. minax female include orientation, spawning and subsequent behaviour. Females will crawl around the pericarp of orange and smell, the word "smell" means mouthparts stretch out and draw back regularly and are very close to the orange peel but out of touching. If others disturb behaviours above, oviposition behavior will fall.4.Selecting of artificial diet formula raising for Bactrocera minaxOrthogonal experiment L18(37) include a,b,c,d,e,f,g 7 factors. The results revealed that the weight of larva is not significant after 15d (P>0.05), but there is a significant on survival rate (P<0.05). After 15d of feeding, formula 6 results showed best, the survival rate of larve is the highest with 48.33%. The results of variance analysis show that the optimum supplemental levels of d is 6g and f is 0.2g. In contrast test, a is replaced by brown sugar, b is replaced by dried yeast, g is replaced by bingtang orange, Xianchengduo fruit juice or water. The results showed that the formula which is added bingtang orange is not satatistical to bingtang tangerine.Two kind of feed which are mainly based on brown sugar or sucrose. The proportion of brown or cane sugar:yeast extract powder is 3:1. Observation and record are taken everyday from June to July. Feeded After 39d and 53d, the effect of the two formula has no significant difference.Through the numerical analysis, the effect of brown sugar is better than cane sugar in breeding B. minax adult..5. Data analysis of Bactrocera minax pupaThe length, wide and weight of B. minax pupa which are gathered from different places are measured. After 35d, the datas which is measured show that the length and wide is not significant to raw data. But the weight compared with raw data lighten along with the extension of the storage time. |
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