Induction And Biological Identification Of Tetraploid Yard Long Bean And Non-Heading Chinese Cabbage

This article was about the induction and identification of tetraploid non-heading Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis Makino, 2x=2n=20)’Huang Xinwu’ and two kinds of Yard Longbean (Vigna sesqui pedalis Wight, n= 2 x= 22)’Mi Meixiaoye’ and ’Jia Tianxia NO.3’. Autotetra ploid plants were selected and identified based on morphological, anatomic, agronomic, cytological observation and flow cytometry. The tetraploid plants agronomic characters and nutritional quality of comparative analysis, and the high quality tetraploid’Huang Xinwu’ varieties breeding. 1. The results showed that both kinds of Yard Longbean in 0.2% colchicine treatment 4 times under the condition of the best effect, the rate of tetraploid’Mi Meixiaoye ’and ’Jia Tianxia NO.3’were 2.81% and 2.33%. Compared with the diploid, the autotetraploid plants possessed gigantism in leaves, flowering organs, pods of plants. The density of stomata and fecundity were reduced remarkably. The result suggested that the relative DNA content of diploid was 250, and tetraploid relative DNA content was 500. The identified result of flow cytometry and chromosome analysis are consistent.2. The results showed that the treatment with 0.2% colchicine for 6 times yielded doubled chromosomes at highest rates and the rate of tetraploid was 6.23%, obtained 18 tetraploid. Compared with the diploid, the autotetraploid had a significant difference in stoma, floral organ and silique, through measurement and comparison. The stomatal length and width increased by 38.45% and 27.84%, the petals length and width increased by 30.75% and 30.75%, the pollen grains length and width increased 23.19% and 29.52%, the seed diameter increased 15.64%. The flow cytometry was used to identify the ploidy of induced plants. The result suggested that the relative DNA content of diploid was 200, and tetraploid relative DNA content was 400. The chimera has two peaks in 200 and 400 respectively and peaks are similar. The identified result of flow cytometry and chromosome analysis are consistent.3. With diploid and tetraploid ’Huang Xinwu’ as materials, tetraploid plants of ’Huang Xinwu’ were induced by treating the apical portion of seedlings with different solution of colchicines. Autotetra ploid plants were selected and identified based on the characteristics of morphology, anatomic and cytological observation. And the Mo and M1 generation agronomic characters and nutritional quality compared respectively. The results show that, two generations of tetraploid ’Huang Xinwu1 agronomic traits and quality are significantly better than that of diploid, its length and width of leaf and petiole, leaves and petioles weight, the plot yield significantly increased. And the Vc, chlorophyll, soluble protein and sugar content significantly increased; organic acids and dry matter content increased. And the tetraploid of M1 generation showed late bolting and bolting are nearly 11 d later than the diploid.