Effect Of Organic Amendments Application On Soil Biological Properties And Maize Yield

Organic fertilizers are important resources in agricultural production, and organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizer combined application is considered to be an important part of future agriculture sustainable patterns of production. In order to explore the organic fertilizer application system for soil quality improvement effect, In this study, Faku Shenyang corn demonstration as a platform test, under field condition,systematically study the impact of different organic fertilizer on corn growth period in brown soil biological characteristics and maize yield. Experimental Design 5 process (test area),respectively Ⅰ area (mechanical composting cow dung applicator), Ⅱ area (broken straw returning surface application), Ⅲ area (broken straw returning deep application in30cm), Ⅳ District particulate organic fertilizer applicator machinery) and V area (conventional tillage and fertilization management).The soil bulk density,water content, pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, urease, invertase and catalase, acid phosphatase, cellulose enzyme, microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen and crop yield and other indexes were determined.The main research results are as follows:1) Organic fertilizer processing compared with fertilization of chemical fertilizer treatment reduced soil bulk density, soil bulk density of surface applied straw returned is most obvious reduction from 1.20g/cm3 to1.12 g/cm3, declining 6.72%; Soil porosity increases the performance of different treatments is that straw returning surface application has the most improvement, Rotten cow dung, granular organic fertilizer processing of soil water content was 16.59%,7.04% bigger than the fertilization of chemical fertilizer treatment, and rotten cow dung, straw returned surface application, and particle organic fertilizer can significantly increase the soil surface layer field capacity.2) For acid soil, organic fertilizer can increase soil pH value, the test of granular organic fertilizer to improve soil pH value is most obviously effect; Different fertilizer treatments to improve the effect of soil organic matter is little different, the order is rotten cow dung>granular organic fertilizer>straw returning surface application>straw returning deep application>chemical fertilizer, compared with the fertilization of chemical fertilizer respectively increased 16.38,12.33,10.76and 6.49%;Organic fertilizer could improve soil carbon and nitrogen ratio, rapid accumulation of organic carbon,soil carbon sequestration potential is bigger, but also conducive to the accumulation of nitrogen fixation.3)Effects of different organic fertilizer on maize yield are significant,overall yield in maize vary from 11394kg/hm2 to 12759 kg/hm2, decomposed cow dung and straw returning surface and deep application, granular organic fertilizer can significantly improve corn production (P<0.05), from the effect on corn yield increasing decomposing cow dung treatment has most obvious effect. Four organic fertilizer compared with a single application of fertilizer in maize production has increased by 11.98%,7%,8.68%,10.59%.4) Generally speaking, compared with chemical fertilizer the organic fertilizer can improve soil urease, acid phosphatase, sucrase, cellulose,catalase activity.Urease activity with the fluctuations in corn growth period, different fertilizer treatments have different situation, in tasseling stage urea enzyme activity is higher, characterized by granular organic fertilizer>rotten cow dung> straw returning surface application>straw returning deep application> chemical fertilizer and they are 1.59,1.58,1.55,1.58 times more than chemical fertilizer. For the average for the whole growth period,except the straw returning and other organic fertilizer can improve the activity of soil urease, rotten cow dung and NPK fertilizers, granular organic fertilizer could improve soil urease activity, increased by 18.46% and 17.74% respectively; Organic fertilizer and straw returned all can improve soil transferase activity, rotten cow dung> granular organic fertilizer>straw deep application>straw surfaces application> chemical fertilizer and granular fertilizer and rotten cow dung in every growth period of maize are higher than single fertilizer; Acid phosphatase activity at different development stages are: rotten cow dung> straw surface application>organic manure> the particles> deep fertilization of chemical fertilizer, although the acidic phosphatase increased modestly, but also reached significant level increased 14.64%,13.48%,10.03% and 14.64% respectively;For soil catalase, in addition,deep other modes of three kinds of organic fertilizer can significantly improve the activity of enzymes, including straw surface applied effect is most obvious.5) The experiment between the microbial biomass carbon of 178.9mg/kg～411.5mg/kg, between the microbial biomass nitrogen of 25.11 mg/kg～55.30 mg/kg, application of organic fertilizers in plough layer soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen fertilizer were significantly improved, most noticeable effect of decomposed cow dung and particulat e organic fertilizer.