Study On Stem Disc Callus Subculture Frequency Of Different Garlic Cultivars

Five garlic cultivars, G039, G064, G083, G107 and G2011-4, were as the materials to investigate the adaptable subculture times of garlic callus of different cultivars and analyse the proliferation and differentiation abilities of callus to lay the technical basis for the garlic tissue culture and preservation of garlic germplasm resources. The subculture cycles were 20, 30, 40 and 50 days. The main results are as follows:(1) There were differences of cultivars when the garlic stem disc was induced callus. The induction rate of G107 was 88.8% and highest among five cultivars. The callus induction rate of G2011-4 was 84.7% and was the second. There was no difference between the induction rates of G039 and G083 with 79.2% and 79.4%. The induction rate of G064 was 67.5% and lowest among five cultivars.(2) The subculture times were different when the different garlic cultivars were subcultured with different cycles. When the subculture cycle was short and subculture was frequent, there were more subculture times. But the results were opposite when the subculture cycle was long. When the subculture cycle was 20 days, the subculture times of G107 and G2011-4 were 5. G064 was subcultured 4 times and G039 was 3 times. The subculture time of G083 was only 2. When the the subculture cycle was 30 days, the subculture times of G064, G107 and G2011-4 were 3. G083 and G039 were subcultured 2 times. When the subculture cycle was 40 days, the subculture times of G039, G064, G107 and G2011-4 were 2. G083 was subcultured 1 time. When the the subculture cycle was 50 days, the subculture times of G039, G107 and G2011-4 were 2. G064 was subcultured 1 time. The callus of G083 completely differentiated within 37 days and couldn’t be subcultured any more.(3) The quality of callus changed with the increase of culture duration. The proliferation and differentiation abilities of primary callus of 5 cultivars were strong and there were differences among cultivars. The highest quality callus of G039 was primary callus and then decreased with the increase of the subculture times. The callus of G083 was the easiest to differentiate in 5 garlic cultivars and hard to culture continuously. The highest quality callus of G083 was also primary callus. The quality of callus of G064 was better in the first and second subcultures when the subculture cycles were 20 days and 30 days. And the proliferation and differentiation abilities of callus were strong. The quality of callus of G107 was better at the first three subcultures when the subculture cycle was 20 days and at the previous two subcultures when the subculture cycle was 30 days. And the proliferation and differentiation abilities of callus were best at the second subculture when subcultured every 20 days. The quality of callus of G2011-4 was better at the first three subcultures when subcultured every 20 days and at the previous two subcultures when subcultured every 30 days. Especially the second subculture, the proliferation and differentiation abilities of callus were both strong when subcultured every 20 days.