| With the technique of anther culture,12 oil-tea species were selected as research subjects for the study on callus induction and subculture of oil-tea anther. The influencing factors, i.e., oil-tea species, donor plants, hormonal formula, material selection, microspore development stage, basic medium, additives, culture condition, quality of callus, time of subculture, and so on of the callus induction and subculture were primarily investigated. It is revealed that the effective way of callus induction of oil-tea anther lies in the determination of the suitable experimental material. During subculture and redifferentiation, the callus growth ability is the most important.The main results are shown as follows:(1) Among the 12 oil-tea species, the induction frequencies of callus on anther culture of Camellia oleifera, C. meiocarpa, C. brevistyla, C. phellocapsa, C. chekiangoleosa, C. polyodondta are higher than C. yuhsiensis, C. handelii, C. gigantocarpa, C. crapnelliana, C. villosa, C. magniflora; and the subculture results of them are satisfactory, so they can be used as basic germplasmic material for oil-tea anther culture.(2) Donor plants:These alabastrums which were used for experiment had obtained a better efficiency on callus induction and subculture of oil-tea anther while picked in the shady place of the young and strong trees, the lower section of the branch or in the beginning of the flowering period.(3) Culture medium:MS culture medium was fit for callus induction of various oil-tea species; MS and N6 culture medium could proliferate oil-tea anther callus more effectively, and sucrose 35 g/L, agar 7 g/L, pH 5.8.(4) Hormone:NAA 0.5 mg/L added with 2,4-D 0.6 mg/L and 6-BA 0.2 mg/L added with 2,4-D 0.5 mg/L are favorable for callus induction of various species in both of the red-floral and white floral oil-tea plants. While the combination of MS added with 6-BA 1.5 mg/L and NAA 1.0 mg/L makes the proliferation of C. oleifera in good performance, MS added with NAA 0.5 mg/L and KT 0.5 mg/L makes the proliferation of C. polydondta obviously vigorous. And MS added with NAA 0.5 mg/L and ZT 0.5 mg/L has a significant effect on callus subculture of C. oleifera. (5) Active carbon:0.2%-0.8% of active carbon has a marked inhibition effect on callus culture of oil-tea anther. If the dissolution rate of hormone was raised by BA 0.4 mg/L added with NAA 1.0 mg/L, the callus subculture was effectively prevented from being browned, and its growth was greatly promoted on the condition of adding 0.8% of active carbon.(6) Culture condition:Culture in darkness could improve the condition of callus subculture, and the optimal culture time is 5 d to 10 d.(7) Quality of callus:For the different quality of callus, the effect on proliferation has significant difference. And the callus which was new green and a little hard made the best proliferation effiency.(8) The optimal subculture time of anther callus is 30±5 days. The increasement of subculture generation has a great effect on the quality and growth rate. From the second generation to the sixth generation, the proliferation of callus was in favorable conditions. After the sixth generation, however, the proliferation of callus was in bad conditions. It was not suitable for subculture.
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