Application Of Fertigation In Apple And Grape Orchard In Weibei Arid Plateau

In recent years, with the development of application and research of Fertigation Technology, the production of fruits in Weibei Arid Plateau are widely applying two modes of fertilizer integration, namely Fertigation(Drip Irrigation) and Simple Fertigation(Rhizosphere Injection Fertilization), to ease the restrictions of water and nutrients. However,farmers still maintain the conception that only a large fertilizers being put into production and traditional fertilization with much water management models can keep high yield, which led to a waste of resources and having effects on the environment, and poor results of the yield and fruit quality that applying with these two modes in practice. Thus, the benefits of economic, ecological and social are not seem so good. Therefore, the urgent need for forming the Fertigation Technology System of the two modes to guide fertilization.This study aims to explore high yield and quality of apple and grape by the mode of Simple Fertigation System,and the mode of Fertigation System respectively, which were in the process of combination of designing irrigation optimization program indoor and making field trials. In addition, The study explores the relationships between nutrients of different positions and fruit quality or yield in Orchard, to provide a theoretical reference for efficient of apples and grapes coupling of water and fertilizer production, and fianally to build the theoretical and technical basis for fertilization technology integration system that can be applied in apple and grape in Weibei Arid Plateau.Different fertilization patterns were setted in Fuji apple orchard in Binxian of Weibei Arid Plateau.They were patterns of Simple Fertigation and Typical Mode of Local Fertilization respectively. Different irrigation and fertilization patterns were setted in grape orchard in Taimu village of Loess Plateau.They were patterns Drip Irrigation Under,None-Drip Irrigation Under, Irrigation and Fertilization of Traditional with Covered Film, and Irrigation and Fertilization of Traditional with none-covered Film respectively. the main results of these two fields trials are as follows.(1) The treatment of Simple Fertigation and Typical Fertilizationat Local were all in high yield level, the difference was not significant, but the former fruit quality was significantly better than the latter. For instance, the appearance quality of fruit, such as fruit shape index,colored index, hardness, the ratio of large fruit, soluble sugar, sugar acid ratio, content ofVc,the content of trace elements Zn, Fe and Se. The Simple Fertigation’s Partial Factor Productivity was 96.44 kg/kg, twice more than the typical local fertilizer treatment, and economic benefits was significant. The fertilizer costs of Simple Fertigation decreased by30% and gross productive value was 305,000 yuan per hectare, upgrade 14%.(2) N, K, Se, Zn and Fe in fruit were closely related with the internal quality of fruit. A greater factor impact on total sugar and Vc were N, Fe, Zn and K respectively; The correlation between K, Cu, Mn in blades and fruit internal quality were rather high. Zn, Mn, K, N and Fe of the blade elements effect on total sugar were larger.Greater impact factor on the Vc were Zn, N, Cu and Mn; Larger impact factor on total sugar were efective state elements of Fe, Ca and N in soil, greater impact on Vc were effective state elements of N, Cu and Mn.Therefore,the quality of the fruit was formed by the co-regulation of various nutrients, where N, K, Ca,Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn were key elements influencing fruit quality.(3) The treatments of Drip Irrigation Under and Non-Drip Irrigation Under were significantly higher in yield than another two.Treatment of drip Irrigation Under was the highest yield, reaching 23.29 t?ha-1. Drip Irrigation under was also optimal performance in quality. For instance, shape index(1.06), ear weight(518 g), fruit weight(13 g), soluble solids(16%), titratable acidity(0.37%), soluble sugar(14.9%), Vc(10 mg?100g-1),and nitrate content was in conform with national safety of standards for pollution-free fruit. All the efficiency of Drip Irrigation Under was optimal in four treatments. Partial Factor Productivity of NPK was 16.5 kg?kg-1. Water Use Efficiency was 6.8 kg?m-3. Economic efficiency of Drip Irrigation Under improved significantly.The fertilizer costs of Fertilizer costs decreased by30% and gross productive value was 70,000 yuan per hectare, upgrading 14% in compare with Fertilization of Traditional with none-covered Film.(4) N, P and Se in Fruit directly influenced yield significantly. Se, K and N in fruit had an important impact on the yield. K in blade directly influenced yield significantly. Zn and Fe in blade had an important influence on yield.In summary, the field trial, schedule of simple fertigation in apple orchard and Fertigation(Drip Irrigation under) in grape orchard can make water and fertilizer coupling efficiency,which can provide a theoretical and and technical reference for high quality and yield production of apple and grape in weibei arid plateau. In addition, reducing inputs of nitrogen fertilizers and increasing K fertilizers, with combined application Trace fertilizers like Zn, Fe, were important guarantee for high yield and quality of apple. High production of grape should focus on N, P, K, Zn and Se.