Urban Plants Mycorrhizal And Its AM Fungal Diversity In Soil

Urban ecosystem is an important enviroment for human life, the trees and lawn plants are the main components of vegetation. The urban vegetation construction and the ecosystem stability were affected by both the characteristics of plants symbiosis and the deversity of mycorrhizal fungi.17 trees roots have been investigated for the characteristics of plats mycorrhiza and the rhizosphere soil were took to isolate for the AM fungi, as well some lawn as the study object. The relationship of AM fungi diversity and distribution with the physical and chemical properties of soil have been analysed. At last the theory evidence for the protection of biological diversity of urban mycorrhizal fungi and the construction of vegetation will be provided. The main results were obtained as follows:1. Among the 17 species of trees, there are 6 species which have ecotomycorrhizal symbiosis and the others 11 species develped the arbuscular mvcorrhiza.2.15 species of 6 genera AM fungi were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of trees root and lawn soil.5 species belong to Acaulospora,1 species belong to Claroideoglomus,1 species belong to Funneliformis,6 species belong to Glomus,1 species belong to Rhizophagus and 1 spesices belong to Septoglomus, and the S. Septoglomus contrictum and Glomus sp 1 were the dominant species of AM fungi in the research area.3. The species and amount of AM in the rhizosphere of different tree species was different. According to AM fungal diversity index from high to low in turn be Endophytic fungi trees, lawn soil, Exogenous mycorrhizal tree species. The order of arbuscular mycorrhizal tree species is:Sophora japonica’Pendula’> Syringa reticulata> Gleditsia japonica> Amygdalus triloba> Sophora japonica Linn> Morns alba(Male plants)>Morns alba(male plants)>Rhus>Rosa xanthina> Syringa oblata Lindl.var. alba Rehder>Syringa oblata.The species and quantity of lawn soil fungus increase first and then decrease during May to November. There is no obvious correlation during all the factors that Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal spore density, species richness, Shannon Wiener index, ammonium nitrogen, available potassium and other soil factors. (p<0.05)4. The quantity of soil microorganism that can cultivate was as follows. The quantity of cultivate bacteria in each gram soil was 13.67-130.33×105, and the actinomycetes was 4.67-78.33×104, and the fungi was 1.00-45.67×103.The quantity of bacteria was the highest and the fungus was the opposite. With the increse of soil depth, the number of of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi shows decreasing.5. The changes of soil phosphatase activity were as follows. The activity of neutral phosphatase in one gram soil was 0.01-0.42 mg phenol. The activity of acid phosphatase in one gram soil was 0.01-0.36 mg phenol. The activity of alkaline phosphatase in one gram soil was 0.02-0.44 mg phenol. With the increse of soil depth, the activity of soil phosphatase show a tendency of decreasing.6. The soil of the study area was partial alkalinity. Each kilogram soil contains rapidly available phosphorus 10.40-66.20 mg, available potassium 76.13-493.00 mg, ammonium nitrogen 3.79-45.54 mg, organic matter 4.97-20.04 g, total phosphorus 0.10-0.69 g, pH 8.11-8.99 and the saltness is 0.00%-0.02%. The level of soil nutrient was moderate. With the increse of soil depth, the content of rapidly available phosphorus, available potassium, ammonium nitrogen, organic matter and total phosphorus were changed obviosly.7. The spores of Septoglomns contrictum and Glomus spl species were cultured and isolated from the soil of the compus, and two strains were successfully collected.