Medical Plant Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Resource And Inoculation Effect Of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi On Ophiopogon Japonicus

The mycorrhizal structure type and species of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) in rhizosphere of 4 rare medicinal plants, S. reticulata var. amurensis, C. japonicum, T. chinensis var. mairei and E. pleiospermum in Lishan Nature Reserves were studied. And then Pot experiment was carried out to study the inoculation effects of the AMF (Glomus mosseae) isolated from Ophiopogon japonicus on the growth, the contents of chemical component, such as, chlorophyll, soluble protein content, total polysaccharides, total flavonoids, chrysophanol, and the activity of PAL of Ophiopogon japonicus under different potassium application level.The results were as follows:1. The results showed that 27 species of AMF were identified from the rhizosphere of rare medicinal plants in Lishan Nature Reserves, including 21 Glomus spp., 2 Acaulospora spp., 3 Scutellospora spp., 1 Diversispora spp. and 1 Archaeospora spp., and Glomus was the dominant genera. Mycorrhizal structure type of S. reticulate var. amurensis, C. japonicum, T. chinensis var. mairei and E. pleiospermum were Intermediate-type, Paris-type, Arum-type and Paris-type repectively.2. Correlation analysis between soil factors and mycorrhizal fungal spore density or colonization rate revealed that pH positively correlated with mycorrhizal fungal spore density or colonization rate of S. reticulate var. amurensis and E. pleiospermum, and negatively correlated with C. japonicum and T. chinensis var. mairei. Available P showed positive correlation with mycorrhizal fungal spore density or colonization rate of S. reticulate var. amurensis, T. chinensis var. mairei and E. pleiospermum, and negative correlation with C. japonicum. Alkali-hydrolyz-able N and Organic matter appeared positive correlation with mycorrhizal fungal spore density or colonization rate of S. reticulate var. amurensis, C. japonicum and E. pleiospermum, and negative correlation with T. chinensis var. mairei. Path analysis indicated that Alkali-hydrolyz-able N played a leading role to their mycorrhizal fungal colonization rate, while pH played a leading role to mycorrhizal fungal spore density of 4 rare medicinal plants.3. The results showed that AM fungi established favorable symbiotic relation with Ophiopogon japonicus roots, inoculation treatment all infected by AM fungi, and infection rate was 84.7 %⁹6 %. Also K content affect the formation of mycorrhiza, and K application could promote mycorrhiza formation in the range of 0⁰.18 g·kg^-1; when the K application was 0.12 g·kg^-1, the infection rate reached the highest (96%), and then significantly reduced (P<0.05), which showed that excessive K goes against the growth of mycorrhiza.In comparison with nonmycorrhizal Ophiopogon japonicus, (1) AM fungi inoculation improved nutrient metabolism of Ophiopogon japonicus, significantly increased the uptake of N, P, K, the increasing extent were 3.4 %¹9.7 %, 2.8 %²4.5 %, 2.3 %²2.4 %. And in the K concentration of 0.12⁰.3 g·kg^-1, inoculating AM fungi had the better effect on uptake of nutrient elements.(2) the leaf length, root length, shoot dry weight and root dry weight of Ophiopogon japonicus inoculated by AM fungi were significantly increased, the increasing extent were 10.8 %⁴3.9 %, 6.7 %⁵2.3 %, 35 %¹79.2 %, 76.5 %²66.7 % respectively. And in the K concentration of 0.06⁰.18 g·kg^-1, inoculating AM fungi had the better effect on the growth of Ophiopogon japonicus. (3) AM fungi inoculation raised photosynthetic rate and improved the metabolic activities of Ophiopogon japonicus, chlorophyll concentration, soluble protein content and the activity of PAL increased respectively by 12.7 %²9 %, 1.3 %⁶.8 %, 37.7 %¹46.8 %, relative to nonmycorrhizal plants. And the optimum K concentration for chlorophyll, soluble protein content and the activity of PAL were 0.12⁰.3 g·kg^-1, 0.12⁰.3 g·kg^-1, 0.06⁰.18 g·kg^-1. (4) AM fungi inoculation significantly increased the content of medical component, the content of total polysaccharides and total flavonoids raised significantly, and the increasing extent were 13.5 %³7.7 %, 7.6 %³9.9 % respectively. And in the K concentration of 0.18⁰.3 g·kg^-1, inoculating AM fungi accumulated more medical component.4. HPLC-UV analytical method was applied to study the chemical composition content of inoculated and nonmycorrhizal Ophiopogon japonicus, and the chemical composition content had obvious difference between inoculated and nonmycorrhizal plants. The component of peak 13 was the main chemical component in inoculated Ophiopogon japonicus, while the component of peak 3 was the main chemical component in nonmycorrhizal Ophiopogon japonicus. It showed that AM fungi inoculation changed the main component of Ophiopogon japonicus. The two component content ( peak 1 and 3) of mycorrhizal plant decreased by 24.5 %, 57.4 % respectively, relative to nonmycorrhizal plant; while other 28 components of inoculation were higher than that of nonmycorrhizal plant. And chrysophanol content of Ophiopogon japonicus inoculated by AM fungi raised by 237.9 %, relative to nonmycorrhizal plant, and the main chemical components (peak 7, 11, 13, 16, 17) content increased by 135 %, 143.4 %, 191.3 %, 160.8 %, 165.4 % respectively, too. These results indicated that AM fungi inoculant obviously affected the chemical component content of Ophiopogon japonicus, increased the most chemical component content.