Studies On The Diversity Of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi Associated With Picea Asperata And Quercus Aliena Var. Acuteserrata In The Qinling Mountains

A preliminary study on diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with Picea asperata and Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata in Xinjiashan forest region of Qinling Mountains was investigated using the combination of field investigation,morphological and molecular biology identification methods, analyzing the different chemical properties of rhizosphere soil and bulk soil in the process of ectomycorrhizal formation, and relations between changes of chemical properties of rhizosphere soil and mycorrhizal infection rate, determining resource diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi and relations with eco-environment, and can provide theoretical basis for the application of the seedlings, afforestation and restoration, reconstruction and restoration of the degraded forest ecosystem in this area. The main conclusions of this study were as follows.1、There were 37 different taxa of ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with Picea asperata under 14 genera of 10 families, of these 34 taxa belonged to basidiomycetes, and one to ascomycetes, identified to family level of 3, genus level of 26, species level of 8. Inocybe sp. was the dominant group; Russula nauseosa was the most dominant species; Hygrophorus sp.、Inocybe sp.1、Hymenoscyphus sp.、Tomentella coerulea and Lactarius deterrimus were common species, and the others were rare species. The large number but relatively rare species of dominant family and the small number but relatively more species of rare family survived in ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with Picea asperata.2、There were 52 different taxa of ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata under 14 genera of 10 families, of these 48 taxa belonged to basidiomycetes, and 3 to ascomycetes, identified to phylum level of one, subphylum level of one, order level of 3, family level of 3, genus level of 33, species level of 11. Tomentella sp. was dominant; Inocybe sp.1, Russula persicina, Tomentella sp.1, Tomentella sp.2, Tuber sp. and Xerocomus sp. were common, and the others were rare species. The large dominance but relatively rare species of common family and the small dominance but relatively more species of rare family survived in ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata.3、The p H and total phosphorus content of the rhizosphere soil of Picea asperata were slightly lower than those of the bulk soil, and the content of electrical conductivity, total nitrogen, total potassium, soluble calcium and soluble magnesium of the rhizosphere soil were higher than those of the bulk soil; the p H content of the rhizosphere soil of Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata were slightly lower than that of the bulk soil, and the content of electrical conductivity, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, soluble calcium and soluble magnesium of the rhizosphere soil were higher than those of the bulk soil.4、The infection rate of ectomycorrhizal fungi of Picea asperata between site one and site two were 0.1509 and 0.3196, species richness 19 and 23, Simpson index 0.8303 and 0.9383, Shannon-Wiener index 2.3515 and 2.9434, Pielou evenness index 0.7986 and 0.9387, respectively; Jaccard index was 0.1351. The infection rate of ectomycorrhizal fungi of Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata between site one and site two were 0.1424 and 0.1187, species richness 24 and 34, Simpson index 0.9272 and 0.9422, Shannon-Wiener index 2.8813 and 3.1266, Pielou evenness index 0.9066 and 0.8866, respectively; Jaccard index was 0.1154.5、The infection rate of ectomycorrhizal fungi and p H content of rhizosphere soil of Picea asperata showed a significant negative correlation; total nitrogen, total potassium and soluble calcium were extremely significant positive correlation; total phosphorus and electrical conductivity were significant positive correlation; soluble magnesium was no significant correlation. The infection rate of ectomycorrhizal fungi and p H content of rhizosphere soil of Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata showed a significant negative correlation; total nitrogen was extremely significant positive correlation; total phosphorus and total potassium were significant positive correlation; electrical conductivity, soluble calcium and soluble magnesium were no significant correlation.6、The infection rate of ectomycorrhizal fungi was affected by different altitude, slope, age and other conditions to a certain extent. There were greatly differences of infection rate of ectomycorrhizal fungi in different age of Picea asperata and different slope of Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata. The shape and branch of ectomycorrhiza may be determined mainly by its symbiotic tree species, and its color and epitaxial hyphae may be mainly determined by the biological characteristics of the fungi.