| A field experiment was conducted in 2014-2015 to study the effects of different coating plastic film-mulched and planting patterns on the water consumption characteristics, dry matter accumulation and distribution of winter wheat-summer maize. Using winter wheat cultivar “Xiaoyan22” and summer maize cultivar“Qin Long95 8”as materials,we gave priority to field experiments. Six treatment about flat plot without mulch(CK)、Ridge tillage with plastic film-mulched(DLR)、flat plot with plastic film-mulched(DPR)、wide-narrow row ridge and furrow with plastic film-mulched(WLR)、wide-narrow row flat and furrow with plastic film-mulched(WPR)、flat plot with plastic film-mulched(PM). On the base of different treatment, measuring the soil temperature, 0-200 cm soil layer soil moisture, the growth index, dry matter accumulation and yield composition factors, also calculation of dry matter accumulation and allocation rate, water use efficiency, to discuss the production mechanism of effect of planting and its influence on soil water balance The main results were as follows:(1) On the dynamic changes of soil moisture under the surface 0-20 cm Rotation analysis and study, obtained that all covered soil surface moisture treatments not covered above process. After the rain, due to the plastic film-mulched, rainwater cannot lead to infiltration into the soil, resulting in surface soil moisture content below CK. However The row and furrow with plastic film-mulched can be increased drought season topsoil moisture,and wide covered ridge line(WLR) soil moisture is higher than the narrow ridge line coating process(DLR), but after the rain, compared to CK ridge covered soil surface moisture content is slightly lower; show wide rows narrow ridge line coating process coating process can be better pooled rainwater. Under the experimental, PM internal circulation of water through the process, before the crop jointing stage 0-200 cm soil water storage amount after jointing, the early growth stage moisture conditions have markedly improved, more conducive to the early growth of corn; jointing-heading period as temperatures and increased corn growth acceleration, soil evaporation and crop transpiration strengthened, although PM at soil temperature gradient may promote deep soil moisture increased, but corn roots on soil water utilization gradually strengthen, so the PM of 0-200 cm soil water storage declined less than CK. Visible, PM in the film after the temperature gradient increases and minimizes water lossunder the action constitutes a "rise- evaporation- condensation- down- down" the water cycle, it achieves a better water conservation purposes.(2) Plastic film-mulched on the warming effect of soil temperature in wheat seedling,jointing more significant, each soil depth, the ground temperature is higher than the non-coated film. In The late growth period, the temperature of PM is not obvious. Previous studies have drawn deep soil temperature on the temperature correlation coefficient greater than the shallow soil. The study concluded that the diurnal variation of soil temperature amplitude with increasing soil depth and narrow, was "cone" Soil temperature response to temperature change with soil depth increase with time delay effect, 5 ~ 25 cm soil depth for each additional 5 cm, soil temperature changes with the temperature hysteresis of about 0.8 h.(3) The treatment of PM due to pre-temperature, good moisture conditions, increased water consumption, thus contributing to the growth of leaves and dry matter accumulation.PM process early entry into reproductive growth stage, so that this phase be extended, so that some water late crop growth increases, so maintain a high water use efficiency, promote the use of crop water light and heat, making crop ear length, grains, grain weight, grain weight and other yield components were improved, including the number of winter wheat grain increased by 31.59%, grain weight increased 16.22%, 24.41% increase in production, harvest index, increased by 12%; increase the number of summer maize grain 0.72% 7.47% kernel weight increased, production increased 28.90%. Flower vegetative organs before storage assimilates transport rates and flowers before storage assimilates to grain contribution rate is greater than the performance of mulching process does not cover the treatment of winter wheat flowering vegetative organs under different treatments before storage assimilates is about 5.38、6.29、5.41、7.31、7.38、6.88 g · stem-1(PM, WLR, WPR, DLR, DPR, CK),corresponding to an average transfer rate was 43.51%、41.70%、29.13%、42.51%、47.93%、38.91 % flower before storage assimilates translocation amount and rate of WLR, WPR and PM treatment was significantly higher than CK, described plastic film-mulched process promotes vegetative organs before anthesis assimilates to grain storage transport.Accumulation and Grain contribution rate performance of different treatments is WPR>WLR> PM> DPR> DLR> CK, visibly, dry matter accumulation was also higher after treatment with high ridge covered flower. Descript that under the experimental conditions, the coating process can be improved ridge ability to accumulate dry matter after flowering.Since the film is good water retention warming effects on crop water consumption and regulation of water use efficiency are better than CK, especially for crops filling of water regulation at this stage due to less precipitation, PM can also use pre-reserve moisture,increase soil water storage consumption to meet the needs of the growth of corn. Thus, higheryield and water use efficiency of the coating process control compared with CK treatment. A wide trench narrow ridge cultivation conditions, even if the seeding rate with conventional cultivation same, limited space is still intensive trench planting a large number of plants,caused a strong competition for water and nutrients, but also can bring together a wide ridge rainfall for crop use, set the larger the surface, the greater will be the amount of water set while making the crop nutrient supply is relatively sufficient growth consume less water, so that the limited water plays a greater role in the grain formation, showing ridge unprocessed water use efficiency is greater than the level for. |
PDF Full Text Request