| In the experiment, I studied the influence of dietary arginine levels, arginine and lysine interaction effect on the productive performance of mink. Growth performance, nutrient utilization, serum biochemical indexes, amino acid digestibility, fur quality and other indicators were measured to study the digestion and absorption of arginine and lysine, and their influence on the other nutrients in mink, to identify the appropriate dietary arginine level and the interaction effect between arginine and lysine, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the diet.The paper consists of three parts:Part 1: Optimum dietary arginine level in growing minkSeventy healthy female mink were randomly divided into seven groups of ten mink each. The arginine level was 1.45% in the based diet. The arginine levels of experimental diets was 1.45%(group Ⅰ), 1.65%(group Ⅱ), 1.85%(group Ⅲ), 2.05%(group Ⅳ), 2.25%(group Ⅴ), 2.45%(group Ⅵ) and 2.65%(group Ⅶ) in the seven groups. The pre-test period lasted for seven days. The trial lasted for sixty days. The results showed as follows: the final weight of group Ⅲ was higher than those of the other groups, but the difference is not significant(P>0.05), so were the average daily gain and feed/gain. The dry matter intake of group Ⅲ was greatly significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ(P<0.01) and was significantly higher than those of group Ⅱ and Ⅵ(P<0.05). The dry matter output of group Ⅲ was significantly higher than those of group Ⅰand Ⅳ(P<0.05). The dry matter digestibility of group Ⅳ was higher than those of the other groups, but the difference is not significant(P>0.05). The protein digestibility of group Ⅳ was significantly higher than those of group Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅴ and Ⅶ(P<0.05). The fat digestibility of group Ⅳ was significantly higher than those of group Ⅴ, Ⅵ and Ⅶ(P<0.05). Nitrogen intake of group Ⅲ was greatly significantly higher than those of group Ⅰ and Ⅱ(P<0.01) and was significantly higher than those of group Ⅴ and Ⅵ(P<0.05). The fecal nitrogen of group Ⅲ was greatly significantly higher than those of group Ⅰ and Ⅳ(P<0.01). The nitrogen deposition of group Ⅲ was greatly significantly higher than those of group Ⅰ and Ⅵ(P<0.01), and was significantly higher than those of group Ⅱ and Ⅴ(P<0.05). Net protein utilizations of group Ⅲ and Ⅳ were significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ(P<0.05). Biological values of protein of group Ⅲ and Ⅳ were significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ(P<0.05). The serine digestibilities of group Ⅱ was significantly higher than those of group Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ, Ⅵ and Ⅶ(P<0.05), so were the glutamic acid, proline, glycine, alanine, valine, isoleucine, tyrosine and lysine. The aspartic acid digestibilities of group Ⅱ was significantly higher than those of group Ⅲ and Ⅳ(P<0.05), so were the threonine, leucine and phenylalanine. The serum concentrations of arginine of group Ⅵ and Ⅶ were significantly higher than those of group Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ(P<0.05). The serum total protein concentration of group Ⅳ was greatly significantly higher than those of group Ⅴ and Ⅶ(P<0.01) and was significant higher than those of group Ⅰ and Ⅵ(P<0.05). The serum albumin concentrations of group Ⅲ and Ⅳ were greatly significantly higher than those of group Ⅰ, Ⅴ, Ⅵ and Ⅶ(P<0.01). The serum globulin concentration of group Ⅳ was significantly higher than those of group Ⅰ, Ⅴ and Ⅶ(P<0.05). The serum alkaline phosphatase activity of group Ⅳ was significantly higher than those of group Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅴ and Ⅶ(P<0.05). The serum lactic dehydrogenase activity of group Ⅳ was significantly higher than those of group Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅴ and Ⅶ(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase(P>0.05). The serum immunoglobulin M concentration of group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ(P<0.05). The serum complement three concentrations of group Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ were significantly higher than those of group Ⅰ, Ⅴ, Ⅵ and Ⅶ(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in serum immunoglobulin A, G and complement four(P>0.05).When the dietary arginine level was 1.65%~2.05%, the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, amino acid digestibility, nitrogen metabolism and serum indicators of growing mink were better.Part 2: Optimum dietary arginine level in winter fur-growing season minkSixty-three healthy female mink were randomly divided into seven groups of nine mink each. The arginine level was 1.70% in the based diet. The arginine levels of experimental diets was 1.70%(group Ⅰ), 1.90%(group Ⅱ), 2.10%( group Ⅲ), 2.30%(group Ⅳ), 2.50%(group Ⅴ), 2.70%(group Ⅵ) and 2.90%(group Ⅶ) in the seven groups. The pre-test period lasted for 7 days. The trial lasted for 60 days. The results showed as follows: The final weight of each group has no significant difference(P>0.05). The average daily gain of group Ⅴ was tendentiously higher than the other groups, but the difference is not significant(P>0.05). The feed/gain of the group Ⅴ was significantly lower than those of group Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ(P<0.05). The urine nitrogen of the group Ⅳ was significantly lower than that of group Ⅰ(P<0.05). The biological value of protein of the group Ⅳ was greatly significantly higher than those of group Ⅵ and Ⅶ(P<0.01) and was significantly higher than those of group Ⅰand Ⅱ(P<0.05). The digestibilities of serine and lysine of group Ⅰ were significantly higher than those of group Ⅴ, Ⅵ and Ⅶ(P<0.05). The digestibilities of arginine of group Ⅵ and Ⅶ were significantly higher than those of group Ⅰ and Ⅱ(P<0.05). The serum concentrations of serine and proline of group Ⅳ were significantly higher than those of group Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅶ(P<0.05). The serum concentrations of alanine of group Ⅳ and Ⅴ were significantly higher than those of group Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅶ(P<0.05) and the serum concentration of alanine of group Ⅳ was significantly higher than those of group Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ(P<0.05). The serum concentration of phenylalanine of group Ⅳ was significantly higher than those of group Ⅰ and Ⅶ(P<0.05). The serum concentration of arginine of group Ⅳ was significantly higher than those of group Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅶ(P<0.05). The concentration of serum aspartate amino transferase of group Ⅳ was significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ(P<0.05). The concentrations of serum lactate dehydrogenase of group Ⅳ and Ⅴ were significantly higher than those of group Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅵ and Ⅶ(P<0.05). The concentrations of serum immunoglobulin M of group Ⅳ and Ⅴ were significantly higher than those of group Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅵ and Ⅶ(P<0.05). The concentration of serum immunoglobulin G of group Ⅳ was significantly higher than those of group Ⅰ and Ⅶ(P<0.05). The concentrations of serum complement four of group Ⅳ and Ⅴ were significantly higher than those of group Ⅰ and Ⅶ(P<0.05) and the concentration of serum complement four of group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ(P<0.05).When the dietary arginine level was 2.30%, the feed/gain, protein and amino acid metabolism of winter fur-growing season mink was better, and this dietary arginine level could help the mink enhance the immune function.Part 3: Arginine and lysine interaction effect on growing minkNinety healthy female mink were randomly divided into 9 groups of ten mink each. In the experiment, I used a 3 × 3 design. Arginine levels ranged among 1.50%, 2.00% and 2.50%. Lysine levels ranged among 1.30%, 1.80% and 2.30%. The groups showed as follows: Arginine 1.50% and lysine 1.30% was group Ⅰ; arginine 1.50% and lysine 1.80% was group Ⅱ; arginine 1.50% and lysine 2.30% was group Ⅲ; arginine 2.00% and lysine 1.30% was group Ⅳ; arginine 2.00% and lysine 1.80% was group Ⅴ; arginine 2.00% and lysine 2.30% was group Ⅵ; arginine 2.50% and lysine 1.30% was group Ⅶ; arginine 2.50% and lysine 1.80% was group Ⅷ; arginine 2.50% and lysine 2.30% was group Ⅸ. The results showed as follows: the final weight of the group Ⅶ was significantly higher than those of group Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ(P<0.05). The average daily gain of group Ⅶ was significantly higher than those of group Ⅱ and Ⅲ(P<0.05). The feed/gain of group Ⅶ was significantly lower than those of group Ⅱ and Ⅲ(P<0.05). The dry matter intake of group Ⅶ was significantly higher than those of group Ⅵ and Ⅸ(P<0.05). The dry matter digestibility of group Ⅱ was significantly higher than that of group Ⅷ(P<0.05). The protein digestibility of group Ⅱ was significantly higher than those of group Ⅴ, Ⅵ, Ⅷ and Ⅸ(P<0.05). The fat digestibilities of group Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ were significantly higher than those of group Ⅷ and Ⅸ(P<0.05). The serum aspartate transaminase of group Ⅱ was significantly higher than that of group Ⅳ(P<0.05). The serum alkaline phosphatase of group Ⅶ was significantly higher than that of groups Ⅰand Ⅸ(P<0.05). The serum glucoses of group Ⅶ, Ⅷ and Ⅸ were significantly higher than those of group Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ and Ⅵ(P<0.05). The serum urine nitrogen of group Ⅳ was significantly lower than those of group Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅶ and Ⅷ(P<0.05). The serum albumin of group Ⅵ was significantly higher than those of group Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅳ(P<0.05). The serum immunoglobulin m of group Ⅴwas significantly higher than those of group Ⅳ, Ⅷ and Ⅸ(P<0.05).As a result from the experiment, the dietary arginine level ranged 1.95%~2.28% and lysine level ranged 1.82%~1.91% could make the growing mink get better growth performance, nutrient digestibility and immune properties. |
PDF Full Text Request