| The oil-used tree peony, as a new woody oil plant, has been widely popularized by the nation these days. Hence its acreage and distribution is under fast development. In today’s market, Paeonia ostii ‘ FengDan ’ and Paeonia rockii cultivars are usually for oil production. However, studies on breeding new oil varieties have not been reported yet. This study focused on Paeonia ostii ‘FengDan’ with larger cultivation than any other cultivars, in order to breed high yield varieties. The individual-selecting experiments were carried out in Shangluo, Baoji, Ankang of Shaanxi Province. A group of high yield individuals were selected. After selection, principal components analysis was used to build a model of superior plant selecting and breeding. The model helped select a group of ‘FengDan’ individuals with better oil-producing properties. Afterwards, by using method of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) the contents of fatty acids(FAs) were determined, and then we evaluated the oil quality. Since the selected plants were transplanted in Yangling, Shaanxi, we continued to research on the phenological characteristics, artificial pollination and pollen vitality, with aims of offering supportive techniques for breeding ‘FengDan’ parental cultivars. The main conclusions were listed below:1. Through the analysis of 3 economic characters, it was shown that the fruits number and seed weight per plant had significant positive correlation. Both could be boosted at the same time. The potential of yield raise was great. Through principal components analysis and clustering, 61 high yield plants were primarily picked out, whose per unit area had a 20% increase. This high yield group could offer female parental materials for breeding new varieties.2. The selected group’s FAs result showed that the linolenic acid content and the total FAs content were in positive accordance, so they could be increased together. Besides high yield potential, good cultivation conditions and the growth environment had great effect on the oil quality. Except Shangzhou ‘FengDan’, oils of the other 2 regions contained higher linolenic acid content than the control groups and even most nationwide ‘FengDan’ oils. Higher oil quality guaranteed better health improving functions.3. The first year since transplantation the phenological characteristics of the selected group were mainly affected by environment factors, and secondarily by the climate. The genetic factors showed no influence. The low biological limit of Paeonia ostii ‘FengDan’ was 3.8 ℃. The fruit setting rate went lower with the increase of flower number and the advance of flowering time.4.The pollination result showed the yield got boosted and the fecundity performed great when Tongling ‘FengDan’ was used as the mother plant and Paeonia rockii as the pollen parent. The fecundity showed poor under self-pollination. The growth differences of each plant in the selected group were shown the first year since the transplantation, which could lead to great effect on pollination, but the result was generally reliable.5. The storage period of pollens under dry air and room temperature was 13 to 15 days, but for pollination use the period decreased to 9 days. The correlation of pollen vitality and time showed the best time for pollination should be in 4 to 6 days after emasculation when the pollen vitality and stigma were both highly activated. |
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