| China has 7% of the arable land on earth, but is feeding 22%of the world’s population, arable land per capita is far lower than the international standard, China’s grain demand pressures still very big, at present, China’s grain production mainly small-scale peasant household family, in under the condition of production, science and technology level is very limited, the use efficiency of fertilizer and pesticide in our country is not high, forcing farmers to increase spending on chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Most farmers will adopt "high investment, high yield" mode of production, so will cause of pesticide and fertilizer input is increasing. As a result, China’s grain output will be certain to increase production, but production is not income phenomenon is becoming more and more popular. Even in some places due to the long-term excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, soil acidification, falling crop yields and poor quality, make the crop unmarketable, lead to farmers to make money, not even a loss.Pesticide and fertilizer is a "double-edged sword". Scientific use of fertilizers, will reduce crop diseases and insect pests, can raise the yield of crops. But too much, unscientific, without protection of contact chemical fertilizers, pesticides may cause poisoning, and chemical residues are difficult to decompose, will make the air, soil, water is polluted. In recent years some poison poison rice, edible fungus, poisonous fruits, inferior products emerge in endlessly. Chemical residue will infiltrate the crops, harm to people’s health. With the continuous improvement of people’s living standard, people have not only meet the food and clothing problem, people gradually began to pay more attention to food safety, people pay more and more attention to about green, pollution-free food.As the global economic integration, the development of the international trade. Our country’s agricultural exports have also been increased, but due to the heavy use of fertilizers in agriculture in our country, makes our country agricultural chemical residue in the higher than international standards. Increasingly stringent international safety standards and strengthen constantly, has severely hindered the export of agricultural products in China, make China’s agricultural exports have been rejected, detain, return, claims, etc., cause huge economic losses. At the same time, also make our country’s international status, international image severely damaged.Our government has also found the pros and cons of pesticide chemical fertilizer, and on March 15,2015 China’s ministry of agriculture issued to fertiliser use zero growth in 2020 action plan "and" to 2020 pesticides action plan for zero growth. "Two" target:by 2020, the chemical fertilizer utilization rate above 40%,7% higher than that of 2013, strive to achieve crop fertiliser use zero growth; Main crop pesticide utilization rate above 40%,5% higher than that of 2013, strive for pesticides zero growth. In such circumstances, how to improve the pesticide, fertilizer use efficiency to reduce pesticide chemical fertilizer use, is very important significance.As a big agricultural province of henan province, the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, are located in the forefront, every year so the henan agricultural fertilizer and pesticide use efficiency has certain necessity. Luoning as shelter-forest region of the county reservoir, its environmental quality will directly affect the local water resources condition, so the luoning agricultural chemical fertilizer and pesticide use efficiency not only can use chemical fertilizers and pesticides in the local agricultural production put forward the corresponding suggestion, and can also provide support to protect the drinking water quality in luoyang area.Introduced in this paper, by comparing the Denmark adopted a series of perfect laws and high taxes to improve pesticide, fertilizer use efficiency to control in the use of fertilizers. Asia, Japan, is to use advanced technology, good environmental protection consciousness. To improve the efficiency and usage of pesticide and fertilizer. At the same time, also found that the deficiency in China in the use of pesticides and fertilizers.In this article, through 2014 in luoning region of pesticide and fertilizer usage data, basic information questionnaire includes family, labor allocation and income, management, science and technology input, chemical fertilizers, the implementation of policies, such as information, respondents to luoning county in henan province township township, bottom ZhangXiang and horse shop production of three rural village of random 14 269.In luoning county in henan province of 269 questionnaire survey, we can understand the different gender, age, culture degree of distinction, taken by the method of pesticide chemical fertilizer fertilization will also be different. As well as to the different understanding to the pesticide, fertilizer, in applying process of the mechanical equipment is different, and for the master degree of science and technology, pesticide, fertilizer use efficiency and the distinction that having essence. The government investment finance, investment how much technical guidance personnel also directly affects the pesticide chemical fertilizer use efficiency.Based on further analysis of survey data and in-depth interviews was carried out on the farmers, on the basis of using the frontier production function analysis method including deterministic frontier analysis and stochastic frontier function analysis method, this article considered from uncontrollable factors in the agricultural production, more influenced by random, so this article USES the Battese and Coelli stochastic frontier production function model, the technical efficiency is obtained by an estimated value, and calculated on the basis of the pesticide chemical fertilizer use efficiency. Points out that the existence of these actions is not scientific pesticide chemical fertilizer use factor, in which the area of cultivated land per capita, per capita income level, per acre farm subsidies, per acre pesticide chemical fertilizer use, level of education variables are used to analyze luoning pesticide chemical fertilizer utilization ratio.Finally, the article proposed on the basis of investigation and analysis conclusions: (1) the growing use of pesticides, fertilizers, but did not get the corresponding increase agricultural output. (2) agricultural production technical efficiency improved, but the differences between different villages and towns is more obvious. (3) pesticides obviously low fertilizer use efficiency, and the efficiency value of the sample households is relatively fragmented, difference is bigger. (4) pesticides fertilizer use efficiency is affected by time and region is significant. (5) applying fertilizers, content and the increase of per capita arable land will be obvious negative effect on pesticide chemical fertilizer utilization efficiency. (6) the per capita income level, per acre farm subsidies and the improvement of education level will improve pesticide chemical fertilizer utilization efficiency.Based on the above luoning county in henan province on the basis of field investigation of pesticide chemical fertilizer utilization efficiency, for the problems, put forward the following Suggestions:(1) perfect the agricultural laws and regulations, and ensure food safety, improve the utilization efficiency of agriculture. (2) increasing investment, attract investment, development of agriculture. (3) establish and improve the mechanism of the agricultural technology talents, attaches great importance to the education of farmers. (4) rely on science and technology, innovation and development... |
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