| For the study of chiseling depth effect on Soil physical characteristics, root distribution and canopy characteristics of maize, The experiment during 2014 and 2015 Used Zhengdan958 and Xianyu335 as test materials and set up 3 subsoil tillage depth (CH30、CH40、CH50) and No tillage (SR) as CK. The response mechanism of water saving for high yield of spring corn were analyzed under different chiseling depth, Confirm the appropriate chiseling depth of high yield spring corn in western plain irrigation area of Inner Mongolia. The main results were as follows:(1) Subsoiling tillage could disrupt the soil plough pan which was in 20-30cm soil layer. Compared with the SR, CH30, CH40 and CH50 decreased soil bulk density 0.02-0.10g/cm3 in 0-30cm soil layer significantly. But CH30 have no effect on soil bulk density which was in 30-50cm soil layer; CH40 could significantly reduce the soil bulk density in 30-40 cm soil layer,significant difference of soil bulk density in 40-50cm was found in only a few times; CH50 could significantly reduce the soil bulk density in 30-50cm soil layer and the difference could be continued to silking stage.(2) Subsoil tillage can significant increase soil water content, compared with conventional soil management, soil moisture content of CH30, CH40, CH50 respectively increased by 5.5%,6.0% and 5.5%. compared with conventional soil management, WUF of CH30, CH40, CH50 respectively increased by 6.22%,6.32% and 13.19%, WPE of CH30, CH40, CH50 respectively increased by 5.86%,6.97% and 14.15%, CH50 unde the premise that the lowest water consumption, maintain the highest WUE and WPE.The change trend of soil pondage can effectively reflect the influence of different chiseling depth on soil water storage capacity.The effect of subsoil tillage on soil pondage mainly after jointing stage, under the condition of this test. the deeper the subsoil tillage, the effectively increase of water storage capacity.(3) Subsoiling tillage could disrupt the soil plough pan and change root distribution, root length of maize was significant higher under subsoiling tillage management than under no tillage management. Subsoiling tillage could promote root growth into deep soil layer, compared with conventional soil management,0-80 cm soil layer of root length increased by 26.64%,35.96% and 47.45%, root surface area increased by 26.82%,42.92%and 62.49%, the root dry weight respectively increased by 2.07%, 8.48% and 13.55%, the three treatments was in order of CH50> CH40> CH30.(4) Subsoiling tillage promoted the root and shoot dry matter accumulation significantly. The increment was larger in shoot dry matter accumulation than in root dry matter accumulation. This leaded to a high shoot/root ratio. Subsoil tillage can keep high leaf area index in each growth stage,increase the leaf area duration. net assimilation rate and relative growth rate, Maintain the longer the deeper of Subsoil tillage, effectively delay the aging of the blade.(5) grain yield were increased by 0.7%-8.9% on average in subsoil tillage treatments compared to conventional soil treatment, Net income increased by 1.86%-6.01%.The correlation analysis of soil-root-canopy index and output index showed that soil density and yield of correlation coefficient is 0.640; Root length and yield of correlation coefficient is 0.762; leaf area index and dry matter and yield of correlation coefficient respectively is 0.972 and 0.972, so dry matter is the main factors influencing the ultimate capacity. |
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