Study On Soil Erosion In Dalad Banner Of Loess Hilly Region In Inner Mongolia Base 3S And USLE

Taking Loess hill in Dalad Banner,Mongolia as the research region and based on meteorological data, land data, OLI video data, DEM image, the distribution of public welfare forest in this region and 11 peripheral stations, the paper has adopted GIS,GPS,RS technology and USLE to obtain the information about the utilization of land, slope of hill, vegetation coverage and soil texture, thus getting the intensity classification draft of soil denudation in this region. Moreover, spatial distribution features of soil denudation intensity in the area has been studied and responding suggestions and methods conservation of water and soil for the soil intensity distribution of forest, non-forestry land has been proposed. Then it concludes as follows:1. Water erosion mainly occurs in the research zone, the average module of soil erosion is 4381.39t/(km2·a). Mild and moderate erosion are main grade in the research zone. The total erosion dimension has accounted to 1818.8 km2, the percent is 60.44%.2. From the distribution rules of soil erosion intensity, elevation zone in the altitude of 1095-1250m,1250m-1400m and slope less thanl5 degree are mainly struck by soil denudation. Severe erosion only takes place in the slope zone with more than 35 degree, which should be handled in time. For the research area with over 75 degree vegetation coverage, the soil erosion is mainly in micro erosion, which demonstrates the high vegetation coverage will effectively lighten the soil erosion. In the utilization type of lands, grassland, forestry lands and unemployed lands has accounted to a large percentage of total dimension. Among them, grassland is mainly in mild and moderate erosion; forestry land in mild and moderate erosion; farmland with big difference of soil erosion. Slop cropland mainly cause soil denudation. Severe erosion has often taken placed in unemployed zone. Therefore, besides protecting current plants and focusing on the survive rate, we need to optimize land utilization structure further to make ecological plants to re-grow, decreasing soil erosion. Integrated with practical situation, bare field of surface base rock can properly enhance land utilization rate and improve land utilization structure to increase the degree of vegetation coverage and better protect ecological environment.3. When the land is dry and in hard condition, shrubbery with strong adaptive ability can be first applied as the plant, including Caragana korshinskii, Hippophae rhamnoides L. and Salix pasmmophia forest. The mixture of arbor and shrubbery should be adopted to fixed and semifixed aeolian sandy soil to avoid water and soil loss. Chestnut coloured soil, Light chestnut coloured soil and arbor forest should be mainly in poplar grove and willow forest. Chestnut coloured soil, Light chestnut coloured soil and Coarse osseous chestnut soil should mainly in shrubbery which can better improve the degree of soil erosion. In order to prevent new soil being washed away, responding protection forest mainly in Caragana plantations should be built.