| Soil erosion has become one of the global environmental problems, which threat to human survival and socio-economic development seriously, obtaining the main influence of vegetation destruction, land resource degradation and productivity decreasing. Zhalaite banner soil erosion is getting worse caused by the unreasonable application of rainfall, topography, temperature, land resources and human activities. In this paper, using Remote Sensing, GIS technology and Universal Soil Erosion Model (USLE) obtained three different periods soil erosion amount in 2000、2007 and 2014 of Zhalaite banner. According to the soil erosion classification standard(SL 190-2007) released by Ministry of Water Resources to grading three phases erosion, then using ArcGIS10.0 spatial analysis module analyzed the status of soil erosion, distribution feather, area changes, and the relationship between soil erosion and slope and land use in the study area. Research results indicate:1. Very slight erosion and slight erosion are the main soil erosion tapes in Zhalaite banner, and the slight erosion accounted for higher proportion relatively. Total erosion area accounted for over 70% of the study area.2. The characteristics of soil erosion spatial distribution in the study area are:Very slight erosion distributed in east of the study area and along the river; High erosion and many types of erosion in central hilly region; Compared with central hilly region, erosion intensity is lower and the distribution area is smaller than west of mountain region, The erosion intensity in central hilly is highest in 2000. In 2000-2014, soil erosion intensity changed from decreasing to increasing in the study area, with a decreasing trend on the whole.3. Mutual transfer results of the erosion type showed that:During 2000-2014, The area of very slight erosion changed mostly, the total area transferred into 1937.1km2 and transferred out 436.14km2. Other types of erosion transferred amount less than turn out. Eroded area has a trend of high-intensity changing to low-intensity type on the whole.4. Relationship between the slope and soil erosion is that very slight erosion accounted for the most proportion in each slope, erosion intensity increases with slope. In 2000, erosion intensity is higher in 8°～15° slope, erosion intensity is higher in the area where the slope is more than 15° on the whole, which should be focused on the soil and water management work.5. Relationship between soil erosion and land use are that: Nearly 15 years, all types of soil utilization are mainly subjected to very slight erosion on the whole. The grassland erosion is the strongest, followed by woodland, Other land use types in erosion intensity ordered from high to low is:cropland> unused land> water> construction land. During 2000, erosion intensity over grass and forest land is the strongest, which have a direct relationship between the local precipitation and vegetation coverage. According to above soil erosion characteristics in the study area, The paper suggested that the local government should conduct policy of returning farmland to forest and grassland continually, and increase green strength in central hilly area and prevent the unused land from degradation erosion. |
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