Effects Of Different Manures On Soil Nitrogen Distribution And Corn Yield

Organic waste fertilizers can effectively promote the waste treatment and recycling, at the same time, it plays an important role in soil nutrient regulation and improvement. It is imperative to turn the victims to benefits and waste into wealth. Exploring the effect of organic fertilizers on soil nitrogen composition characteristics to find out the reasonable way of fertilizing, and provide reference for production practice.The article was based on the black soil experiment base in Lishu county of Jilin province, and carried out two years of spring maize field fixed-point test of six fertilizer treatments,including organic fertilizer+ NPK(chicken manure+ NPK, cow dung+ NPK, straw+ NPK, chicken-cow manure mixed+ NPK, straw-manure mixed+NPK), and single NPK. Set 4 times repeat for each processing, block random arrangement,the crop was spring maize, the main research contents included: 1) compared soil total nitrogen and available nitrogen space-time distribution regularity of different fertilizer treatments in different development stages of the corn and each soil layer from 0 to 60 cm.; 2) compared soil inorganic nitrogen space-time distribution regularity of different fertilizer treatments in different development stages of the corn and each soil layer from 0 to 60 cm; 3) the influence of organic nitrogen components of surface soil; 4) the surface soil ammonia volatilization characteristics; 5) the impact on the yield of crops. Main conclusions are as follows:1. Different organic fertilizer treatments, effectively improved the soil total nitrogen, At the same time optimize the soil total nitrogen distribution in different growth period and different depth of profile.In seedling stage, fertilization of NPK treatment, soil total nitrogen content was the highest, nitrogen content increased by 7.74%, from jointing stage to heading stage, the chicken manure treatment showed the highest nitrogen content,and reached maximum elongation stage, the nitrogen content about increased by 28.06%.In mature stage,cow dung treatment showed the highest nitrogen content.Generally,with the increase of depth,it presented the tendency of lower levels, and organic fertilizer treatments made the distribution structure more optimization.And it was good to maintain the soil fertility and provide fertility for crop growth sustainability.2. Organic material can improve soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content more than the single fertilizer treatment,and enhanced soil nitrogen supplying capacity. The time-space distribution of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen showed consistent patterns with total nitrogen.In seedling stage,soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content was the most with chemical fertilizers, in jointing and heading stage,chicken manure treatment had the highest soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content, and reached the peak in jointing stage,soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content increased about 58.03%, in mature period,cow dung treatment showed the highest nitrogen content.3. Organic material can improve soil nitrate nitrogen content and time-space distribution more than the single fertilizer treatment,and provide adequate nutrients for crop growth.Organic material, not only can improve the content of soil nitrate nitrogen, but also can effectively prevent the nitrate leaching, and reduce the pollution from agricultural production. Comprehensive consideration,cow-chicken manure mixed and straw-manure mixed treatments had higher nitrogen nitrogen content than other treatments.4. Organic material can improve soil ammonium nitrogen content more than the single fertilizer treatment,and the time-space distribution showed different from nitrate nitrogen.With the increase of depth,it presented the tendency of lower levels,and time-space distribution was no significant change.Straw-manure mixed and chicken-cow manure mixed treatments had higher nitrogen nitrogen content than other treatments.5. Compared with no fertilizer controls, fertilization of NPK treatment of soil organic nitrogen content of each component had a different degree of increase, but growth was limited; Chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer treatment significantly increased the content of different organic nitrogen components, at the same time, the non-acid organic nitrogen and amino acid nitrogen increased the sharpest, chemical fertilizer with manure was most pronounced, fertilizer with straw treatment had strong effect on non acid solution.6. Application of organic material had more obvious effect on microbial biomass nitrogen than the chemical fertilizer treatment,and closely associated with acid solution of organic nitrogen, the content of each treatment in order :cow-chicken manure mixed> cow dung > chicken manure > straw-manure mixed > straw returned> fertilization of NPK > CK, compared with CK, they increased 2.07、1.89、1.7、1.52、1.33、0.58 times,respectively. Microbial biomass nitrogen was the active soil organic nitrogen, and had a stronger effect on soil mineralization.7. The different fertilization treatment, ammonia volatilization rate presented the trend of increase first and then reduce. The differences of ammonia volatilization rate mainly concentrated in the 3th to 13 th day after fertilization, the 4th day after fertilization soil ammonia volatilization rapidly increased, the peak of ammonia volatilization rate in order : NPK fertilization > chicken manure returned> straw-manure mixed > straw returned> cow dung returned>cow-chicken manure mixed. It showed that organic fertilizer and its mixture can effectively delay and decrease ammonia volatilization. The continuous cumulative ammonia volatilization rate of different treatment in 44 days after fertilization ranged from 20.65 to 20.65 kg/hm2, was reduced by 1.82%-20.94%.8. Compared with fertilization of NPK treatment, the organic fertilizer treatments improved crop growth, and the plant height and stem diameter presented different increase. The organic fertilizer treatments increased the maize yield, yield results showed that cow-chicken manure mixed > straw-manure mixed > chicken manure returned > cow dung returned> straw returned > fertilization of NPK, compared with the NPK treatment,the yield were increased by 9.55%、7.21%、6.38%、4.79%、4.37%. Different organic fertilizer treatment at the same time also had obvious effect on corn grain quality.