Effect Analysis Of Fertilization On Rice In Jilin Province Based On “3414” Field Experiment

Rice,as the principal food in Jilin Province,plays an important role in agricultural production. A total of 704 “3414” field experiments were conducted in Jilin province during 2005-2013, the aim of this research is to evaluate the fertilization effects and fertilizer use efficiencies of nitrogen（N）, phosphorous（P） and potassium（K） on rice under the current production condition, and to supply the evidence for optimum and scientific fertilizer in rice production. Main results for this study are following: 1.The present status of fertilization effect of rice in Jilin Province:The yield and economic benefit of rice can be improved by the balance fertilization in Jilin province. The results showed that the highest rice yield and net profit were obtained in the balanced application of N, P and K fertilizers（NPK） treatment in Jilin Province. Averaged yield was 8.6 t hm^-2 and net profit was 6.26×103 Yuan hm^-2.The averaged yield increasing resulted from N, P and K fertilizer application was 2.43 t hm^-2, 1.01 t hm^-2 and 0.86 t hm^-2,respectively; the net profit increased 6.26×103、2.85×103 and 2.23×103 Yuan hm^-2. On average, the agronomic efficiency（AE） of N, P and K fertilizer was 18.4 kg N kg^-1,23.5 kg P₂O₅ kg^-1 and 19.27 kg K₂ O kg^-1, respectively; the partial factor productivity（PFP） was 61.2 kg N kg^-1, 135.6 kg P₂O₅ kg^-1 and 102.2 kg K₂ O kg^-1, respectively; and fertilizer contribution rate（FCR） of that were 29.6%, 16.8% and 15.3%, respectively, and the fertilizer use efficiency was 34.59%、18.56% and 35.13%. 2.The present status of fertilization effect of rice in each ecological zone of Jilin Province:Averaged yield was 7.48 t hm^-1 and net profit were 8.83×103 Yuan hm^-2 in the eastern part of Jilin Province. The averaged yield increasing resulted from N, P and K fertilizer application was 2.23 t hm^-1,0.73 t hm^-2 and 0.69 t hm^-2,respectively. On average, the agronomic efficiency（AE） of N, P and K fertilizer was 17 kg N kg^-1,10.1 kg P₂O₅ kg^-1 and 7.58 kg K₂ O kg^-1, respectively; the partial factor productivity（PFP） was 58.4 kg N kg^-1, 108.3 kg P₂O₅ kg^-1 and 138 kg K₂ O kg^-1, respectively; and fertilizer contribution rate（FCR） of that were 28%, 8.5% and 8.1%, respectively; and the fertilizer use efficiency was 33.5%、10.4% and 21.3%.Averaged yield was 8.49 t hm^-1 and net profit were 7.34×103 Yuan hm^-2 in the the southeastern of Jilin province. The averaged yield increasing resulted from N, P and K fertilizer application was 2.19 t hm^-2,0.75 t hm^-2 and 0.68 t hm^-2, respectively. On average, the agronomic efficiency（AE） of N, P and K fertilizer was 17.3 kg N kg^-1,17 kg P₂O₅ kg^-1 and 10.7 kg K₂ O kg^-1, respectively, the partial factor productivity（PFP） was 62.7 kg N kg^-1, 140.6 kg P₂O₅ kg^-1 and 94.3 kg K₂ O kg^-1, respectively, and fertilizer contribution rate（FCR） of that were 28.3%, 12.3% and 10.8%, respectively; and the fertilizer use efficiency was 34.06%, 20.76% and 52.49%.Averaged yield was 8.62 t hm^-2 and net profit were obtained of 10.19×103 Yuan hm^-2 in the the middle of Jilin province.The averaged yield increasing resulted from N, P and K fertilizer application was 2.69 t hm^-2,1.23 t hm^-2 and 0.83 t hm^-2,respectively. On average, the agronomic efficiency（AE）of N, P and K fertilizer was 19.8 kg N kg^-1,18.7 kg P₂O₅ kg^-1 and 16.2 kg K₂ O kg^-1, respectively, the partial factor productivity（PFP）was 57.9 kg N kg^-1, 140.4 kg P₂O₅ kg^-1 and 105.1 kg K₂ O kg^-1, respectively, and fertilizer contribution rate（FCR）of that were 34.5%, 17.1% and 18.0%, respectively; and the fertilizer use efficiency was 35.42%、27.96% and 39.40%.Averaged yield was 9.7 t hm^-2 and net profit were obtained of 7.89×103 Yuan hm^-2 in the the west of Jilin province.The averaged yield increasing resulted from N, P and K fertilizer application was 2.0 t hm^-2,1.3 t hm^-2 and 1.2 t ha-1,respectively. On average, the agronomic efficiency（AE）of N, P and K fertilizer was 14.9 kg N kg^-1,22.8 kg P₂O₅ kg^-1 and 16.2 kg K₂ O kg^-1, respectively, the partial factor productivity（PFP）was 68.6 kg N kg^-1, 151.9 kg P₂O₅ kg^-1 and 116.2 kg K₂ O kg^-1, respectively, and fertilizer contribution rate（FCR） of that were 22.5%, 15.4% and 14.0%, respectively; and the fertilizer use efficiency was 26.12%, 23.04% and 31.25%. 3.The present status of fertilization and fertilizer use efficiency effect of rice in each ecological zone of Jilin Province:There is significant difference on rice yield, Nutrient uptake of rice yield per 100 kg and fertilizer utilization rate in each ecological zone of Jilin Province. The averaged yield with N,P and K fertilizer application was 8.6 t hm^-2 in Jilin Province. In central and western Jilin province, rice yield is higher than the average level in Jilin province, the sequence of crop yield in each ecological zone is: western>middle>southeast>eastern. The 100 kg grain nutrient uptake of nitrogen and potassium were highest in the middlel of Jilin province. However, phorsphorus uptake of the 100 kg grain in southeastern Jilin province is the highest. Fertilizer use efficiency of N, P and K fertilizer in the middle of the Jilin Province is the highest. fertilizer use efficiency of nitrogen in western, as well as that of phosphorus and potassium in eastern were lower.