| South China Karst rocky desertification is one of the major ecological problems,based on the fragile ecological environment,Coupled with human disturbance,Leading to degradation of soil productivity,exposed bedrock surface,Guizhou is one of the most serious areas of southern karst rocky desertification of karst area, mountainous area is large, very slow rate of karst soil, thin soil, combined with rainfall soil erosion exacerbated by the loss of soil,soil along fissures, funnel,drain pipes and so on from the surface space to underground space, leading to lack of soil resources, available land resources diminishing, having a major impact on agricultural production.Therefore,we selected Sa Laxi Karst Rocky Desertification in Bijie potential- mild mountain plateau landforms, Guanling- Zhenfeng Huajiang karst rocky desertification moderate- intensity plateau gorge landforms,Benzai Karst rocky desertification area plateau basin landforms of Anshun,based on the Natural geography theory, sustainable development theory, theory of soil and water conservation, ecological restoration theory, a year monitoring for study area,combine with different grade rocky desertification under the condition of the underground soil erosion and climate, soil, rainfall, cave dripping water factor,based on soil physical and chemical properties, habitat factors, correlation analysis, spatial analysis, time analysis and other methods, comparison and analysis for different grade rocky desertification of the underground soil loss,Summarized the influence of various factors for the underground soil loss,based on the analysis of the mechanism of soil and water loss,the key technology in the forage planting experimental study,construct in different grade rocky desertification of karst water loss and soil erosion prevention and control mode,concise rocky desertification area grass planting technology with other optimization matching of trees, comprehensive demonstration and application of this model.(1)ecological balance is the important theoretical basis of subterranean soil erosion mechanism.The subterranean soil erosion mechanism mechanism of the karst rocky desertification area is study the scope of small watershed of light, heat, water, soil and so on various factor between the conservation of energy,the energy imbalance between each factor, lead to ecological communities reverse succession, ecological degradation, through a year of monitoring in the study area, analysis of climate, soil, rainfall, subterranean soil erosion and so on various factors, it is concluded that rainfall, temperature, soil is the key to break the ecological balance, climate has laid the foundation for the rock fragmentation,soil erosion is an important factor in the soil erosion,and the rainfall provides the driving force for the subterranean soil erosion,through the SPSS between rainfall and soil loss amount of correlation analysis, the Karst Plateau Mountain rocky desertification area rainfall and soil loss amount was significantly positively correlated, r=0.959, the linear regression equation for: Y=0.0041x-0.1061; Karst Plateau gorge karst rocky desertification areas, soil leakage loss and rainfall amount of correlation analysis, r=0.616, regression equation for Y=0.9224Ln(x)-1.7433, using underground space optimal allocation model of soil and water loss measures to restore the balanced development of light, heat, water and soil, realize the circulation of ecosystem development.The amount of subterranean soil erosion is mainly concentrated in the middle and the rocky desertification area, the soil erosion modulus of moderate rocky desertification is 3.4 t/(km2.a),the soil erosion modulus of rock desertification sample is 49.34 t/(km2.a),the soil erosion modulus of extreme intensity rocky desertification sample is 3.24 t/( km2.a), with the enhancement of rocky desertification level, the amount of subterranean soil loss increased, but the main cause of the decrease of the soil loss from the ground soil of the rock desertification sample is the extreme intensity rock desertification, which has reached the point where no soil can flow.Analysis of chemical properties of the soil and the underground soil in the cave,that the overall performance of the soil nutrients in the ground surface to underground space moisten slip process, soil nutrient form an enrichment process, cave surface soil nitrogen 0.19g/kg, total phosphorus 0.52g/kg, total potassium 150.65g/kg, organic matter 44.14g/kg, cave underground soil nitrogen 0.13g/kg, total phosphorus 0.87g/kg, total potassium 264.76g/kg, organic matter of 130.39 g / kg, and surface cracks leakage loss of the type of soil is presented instead of the law, the surface of the upper layers of the soil total nitrogen 0.26g/kg, 0.49g/kg of total phosphorus, total potassium 299.36g/kg, surface lower layers of the soil total nitrogen 0.18g/kg, total phosphorus 0.36g/kg, total potassium 250.48g/kg. Soil nutrient was decreased in the process of creep of soil from the upper layer space.(2)Compound ecological economy and local characteristic industrial economy is the control of underground space optimizing the allocation of the two patterns of soil and water loss.Through the analysis of the characteristics of subterranean soil erosion loss in different landform, the average temperature of Karst plateau is 15.4。C, the illumination is 61.71 kLux, the average soil temperature is 13.88。C, Karst plateau Canyon average temperature 24.42。C, the illumination is 108.93 kLux, the average soil temperature is 20.22。C, according to the natural condition of different landform, the configuration mode of underground water and soil erosion space is put forward.Rocky desertification of karst plateau mountain area economy fall behind, give priority to with traditional farming practices, the main planting crops such as corn, potato, Land utilization rate is low, The vegetation coverage is low, Soil erosion is serious, crop yield is low, Industrial structure is not reasonable, Combined with the local social and economic development, make full use of natural resources in the area, build the rocky desertification of karst plateau mountain potential- mild environment agricultural, forest, grass, livestock(cattle)- ecological economic complex development mode of rural tourism.Rocky desertification of karst plateau valley area, Climate is hot and humid、Deep canyon、terrain、High mountains and steep、Large elevation difference,Beautiful natural landscape,It is a typical representative of the karst rocky desertification area canyon landscape aesthetics,moderate, and severe soil and water loss intensity of rocky desertification area, Mild rocky desertification mainly distributed in the dry land and shrub land, Moderate rocky desertification mainly distributed in other lawn and garden, Intensity of rocky desertification mainly distributed in hilly land, garden and unused, Combined with local natural humanities factors, build moderate- intensity rocky desertification environment karst plateau characteristic industrial economic development pattern, development canyon landscape eco-tourism of karst plateau.(3)Key techniques in the subterranean soil erosion spatial optimal allocationIn this paper, in order to restore the natural ecology environment, subterranean soil erosion conservation, based on the balanced development of the ecological system,With the right tree for the principle,both economic benefits and social benefits,based on forage cultivation,and other varieties for interplanting mode, not only to prevent the soil erosion, but also improve the economic structure. in potential- mild rocky desertification of karst plateau mountain area select walnut、Huoji、grass,construct different canopy space optimization configuration of key technology,potential rocky desertification area in the development of ecological farming, agricultural- forest grass-stereo match pattern; light rocky desertification area development rural tourism development model;moderate rocky desertification area development of ecological construction and development of herbivorous animal husbandry mode,rocky desertification area in medium- intense of karst canyon select Bajiao、Huajiao、Jin Yinhua、 grass, construct different canopy space optimization configuration of key technology,use of hot and humid valley zonal differences, JingGuoLin development with local characteristics, make full use of forests space, comprehensive control of rocky desertification. In moderate rocky desertification area in the development of slope change ladder and the water resources development use patterns; and strength of rocky desertification area development model of industry development and ecological restoration mode; extremely strong rocky desertification area in the development of ecological recovery and ecological tourism development model.(4)subterranean soil erosion monitoring and evaluation and the modelIn this paper, according to the karst rocky desertification characters of subterranean soil erosion,combining the theory of soil and water conservation, soil science theory, and the theory of ecosystem balance, determine the index system of soil and water conservation monitoring, for the monitoring of the ecological benefit evaluation, through the bijie and huajiang demonstration area ecological monitoring results show that different grass, solid soil water effect is remarkable, luxuriant grass, the herb biomass per unit area, herbage amount of sediment reduction is also enhanced, model for desertification control grasses and its derivative industry promotion, need policy, funds, law and so on various aspects of conservation measures, combined with the effective management measures, to achieve long-term governance of rocky desertification. |
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