Technology And Demonstration Of Karst Land Consolidation With Desertification Based On Plant Diversity Restoration And Conservation

At present, land consolidation is still at primary stage and aim to increase the area of cultivated land in China. Due to ignore the ecological protection, soil and water loss, biodiversity loss and low environmental bearing capacity appeared. The phenomenon was worse especially in karst stone desertification areas where ecological environment is fragile. Land consolidation is an efficient way to alleviate the pressure of the ecological environment, increase biodiversity and raises people’s living standard. And base on recovery plant diversity and protect the rocky desertification of land consolidation, increasing the vegetation coverage, rational utilization of land resources and increasing farmers’ income can help healthy development of ecology and social economic in rocky desert area. So rocky desertification land consolidation based on restoring and protecting plant diversity is the best method to solve the problem of contradiction between human and land in karst area. This study was based on overall integrity system coordination theory, landscape beautification ecology protection theory, soil and water conservation comprehensive maintain system of ecological management theory and sustainable cycle balance species diversity development theory etc., small watershed as administrative unit, relying on the rocky desertification land consolidation project. The study was combined with the field investigation project of nature, social economy and the villagers’ willing to participate and the indoor data analysis processing of demonstration area, land and plants. During2011-2015, according to the national major subject "twelfth five-year" science and technology support plan, the research make Bijie Salaxi in Guizhou and demonstration area of Guanling-Huajiang in Zhenfeng as a typical research base, build mode and technology base on plant diversity restoration and protection of the rocky desertification of land consolidation, and aims to provide support and demonstration of science and technology for carrying out land consolidation in similar karst area.(1)By using ecological footprint method to analysis of the contradiction between human and land, clear the proportion of supply and demand of land use types and adjust land use structure. And it also can provide scientific theory support for land consolidation models of plant diversity restoration and protection of rocky desertification. The result showed that ecological deficit of demonstration area of Bijie Salaxi and Guanling-Huajiang in Zhenfeng was 33480.431hm2、8428.832hm2 in 2011. It shows that people’s requisition for nature far more than its scope on the demonstration zone. Fragile ecological environment determines the karst rocky desertification area land consolidation taking the path of ecological protection. Plant diversity background investigation was the foundation of the ecotype rocky desertification land consolidation. One side, it helps the construction person to understand the kinds and characteristics of plants in research area; on the other hand, configuration of plants on the basis of community succession law. But it was limited by factors such as manpower, methods, so the results of the survey was not perfect, therefore breaking through the background investigation of limiting factors to optimize the survey plan become the focus for the next stage.(2)This study made plant recovery and protection as the main target, based on the ecological desertification land consolidation technology, according to the function of each part of the small watershed land ideal to adjust land use structure, combined with economy development direction of demonstration area. It formed compound business model of karst plateau mountain potential-mild rocky desertification land consolidation with agroforestry in Salaxi demonstration area, and Juglans regia LRosa roxbunghii tratt- Medicago sativa were represented to the land consolidation of successful cases. In demonstration area of Guanling-Huajiang in Zhenfeng, it formed intensive management mode of karst plateau mountain moderate intensity rocky desertification land consolidation with characteristic economic fruit wood. The characteristic economic fruit wood which give priority to Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim, Hylocereus undulatus Britt. Etc, they were the typical representative of land consolidation. Due to the actual situation in various areas of karst rocky desertification is different, selected plant species and their cultivating technology cannot be widely used, so it should be strengthen the study of screening optimum organic species. And plants that suitable for karst rocky desertification were optimized cultivation according to consult experts’ advice or select the related literature.(3)Model built on technology. Ecological rocky desertification land consolidation models mainly relyed on plant diversity restoration and protection techniques. Among them, the forest with shrub and grass planting technology is rocky desertification areas ecological land consolidation effective technical methods, while helping to increase vegetation coverage, play an important role in the rehabilitation and reconstruction of ecosystems, On the other hand, it is helpful to increase the income of farmers, widening income sources. Currently closure of artificial tending technology is the most economical and simplest way to restore habitat, shrub can accelerate the speed of recovery. In addition, potential- light rocky desertification area using "walnut + rosa roxburghii tratt / pyracantha + herbage" configuration, moderate intensity rocky desertification area by the fruit trees + grass "configuration method. Although desertification land consolidation planning design into the concept of restoration and conservation of plant diversity, supporting the construction of farmland but most use reinforced concrete, to some extent undermined the habitats of animals and plants. Therefore, the next stage of farmland supporting facilities engineering technology research key can be placed on the design of material and structure, and try to use local materials, design to stay connected animals and plants living space, strengthen the ecological technology research.(4)Salaxi demonstration area in Bijie and Guanling- Zhenfeng Huajiang demonstration area based plant diversity restoration and protection of rocky desertification land consolidation projects, respectively, the initial formation of the mountain plateau potential- slight rocky land consolidation and agroforestry industry management techniques in systems and highland canyon moderate- intense rocky land consolidation and characteristics of fruit and nut trees intensive management technology system demonstration. The more typical successful demonstration were forest shrub grass planting techniques and supporting technologies for regeneration. However, the growth of plant is a slow process, due to the local government in land consolidation work late regulatory control is not enough, resulting in land consolidation preliminary engineering demonstration destruction. Therefore, the local government should be formed late artificial regulatory mechanism of land consolidation project as the next stage of an important task.(4)Combined with Delphi method, analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, builded the comprehensive benefit appraisal model that based on plant diversity restoration and protection rocky desertification of land consolidation. And according to the comprehensive evaluation of ecological benefits and social economic benefits that before and after the land consolidation project in two demonstration area, results showed that the "three benefits" in demonstration area has increased dramatically, and both demonstration area land consolidation comprehensive evaluation rating from "bad" to "good". After the land consolidation project, plant species and vegetation coverage increased in demonstration area of Salaxi and Huajiang, and it recovery ecosystem, improve the demonstration zone of agricultural production conditions, and promote the rapid development of the local economy. The average temperature, annual precipitation, lithology, topography, terrain, desertification, land cover, population density and per capita GDP as an index to Guizhou as the study, the use of GIS spatial analysis techniques to analyze the suitability of outreach, the results show that Salaxi rocky desertification control in the most suitable mode of promotion area are mainly distributed in the northwest Guizhou province, to promote the most appropriate mode of Huajiang area is mainly distributed in the southern and northeastern Guizhou province. Beside, less monitoring indicators and evaluation method’s defect is the problem, under the conditions allow, evaluation indexes should be appropriately increased, enhanced dynamic research, improved evaluation methods and enhanced its scientific nature.