The Spent Mushroom Substrates Composting And The Applicant Of Compost To Soil Reforming

Spent mushroom substrates(SMS) are the discarded edible fungus production base after culturing. On the one hand, they are rich in organic matter, water and fungal protein, must be harmlessly disposed. On the other hand SMS contain a lot of NPK but less pesticide residue and heavy metal. After harmless treatment, it can be applied to areas such as agriculture and environmental remediation.This study consists of two parts, The first is using the aerobic composting as a harmless disposal for the SMS(spent oyster mushroom substrates and spent flammulina velutipes substrates), studying the physicochemical properties changes of SMS, and evaluating the maturity of SMS compost through seed germination index. During the composting process, the pile temperature, pH, and C/N were found in regular changes; the spent oyster mushroom and flammulina velutipes substrates’ s germination index were more than 50% respectively after 20-day and 30-day composting, reached the basic maturity. And their nutrition composition and safety indicators in line with organic fertilizer standards.Another part of this study is using Oyster mushroom substrates compost, chicken manure compost or sheep manure compost, and mixtures of them(total 5 formulas) as the base fertilizer to apply to the greenhouse soil, planting cucumber and tomato by turns. Then studying the soil nutrient content changes, enzyme activities changes, and the dynamic changes in soil bacteria flora, and finally according to the yield and quality of fruit harvested to evaluate the reforming effect the of respective base fertilizer formulations. The results showed that:(1) After applied different formulations base fertilizer, soil organic matter content, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium content increased significantly comparing with the original soil. After first round planting, the soil applied the composted chicken manure and spent Oyster mushroom substrate mixture had the greatest decrease in organic matter content and total nitrogen content, respectively are 30.24% and 31.63%, indicating stronger soil microbial activities;(2) After applied different formulations base fertilizer, soil urease, alkaline phosphatase and catalase activities were significantly enhanced, the soil applied spent Oyster mushroom substrates compost as a base fertilizer had the biggest increase in activities, respectively are 96.23% 291.03%, and 89.89%;(3) After applied different formulations base fertilizer, the soil bacteria flora diversity index(Shannon-wiener index and Simpson index) increased to some extent, the increase ratio ranges were 8.92% ~29.32% and 4.93% ~12.22%, the dominant species of soil bacteria were also changed;(4) After applied the mixture of chicken manure or sheep manure compost and spent Oyster mushroom substrates compost as a base fertilizer, the fruits contained more vitamin C and soluble sugar, and the yield were also greater than other base fertilizer formulations, the difference was remarkable.Overall, the above-mentioned five kinds of base fertilizer formula were applied to the soil, could improve the physical and chemical properties of soil, increase soil nutrients, improve soil enzyme activities, rich soil microbial communities. Spent oyster mushroom substrates compost mixed chicken manure compost or sheep manure compost as the base fertilizer obtained better reforming effect.