Effect Of Different Livestock And Poultry Manure On The Nutrients In Soil Aggregates And Fungal Communities From Ginseng Farmland

In recent year, Ginseng farmland planted have became main develop trend of Chinese ginseng industry, The key of success way of Ginseng farmland planted depend on the cultivate land, soil amelioration, seed treatment, plant cover, field management and greenhouse, Among these ways, soil amelioration play an important role in procession of Ginseng farmland planted. It lay emphasis on improving soil organic matter, perfecting soil structure. As the important part of soil organic matter and soil structure, The increasing content of soil humic substances and soil aggregate effecting the amendment results of ginseng farmland soil. Meanwhile, soil fungi take apart in the activity of soil organic matter, At early stage of plant decomposing, It is more active than soil bacteria and actinomyces. Therefore, This experiment research the ginseng farmland soil via field plot experiment and Illumina Mi Seq sequencing technology and wet sieved method to obtain soil aggregate then discussing the affection on mineral nutrient and humic component in 4 soil fraction(>2mm、2~0.25mm、0.25~0.053 mm and <0.053mm) and different fungi community at different ginseng growth period under different manure treatments in order to reveal the improvement effect of different manure treatments, Provide the foundation for improving the farmland ginseng OTU put and the reference of strengthen water and soil resources and protect the ecological balance. The main results as follow:(1)Constitution of aggregate: During ginseng growth period, Followed ginseng grow to withered and wintering period, Compared with 0 day, The content of soil large macroaggregate(>2mm) under all treatments increased significantly, Deer manure treatment increased soil macroaggregate(2-0.25mm) content, CK and chicken manure treatments decreased, Cow manure treatment change non-significant; With regard to content of silt + clay(<0.053mm), CK increased significantly and deer manure contrary with CK, Cow and chicken manure treatments non-significant. The content of macroaggregate(2-0.25mm) in CK soil decreased significantly, silt + clay increased. Manure treatments increased ginseng soil >0.25 mm macroaggregate and decreased microaggregate.When ginseng grew to wintered and wintering period(manure treated 1.5 years), The advantage aggregate fraction under all different treatments was 2-0.25 mm macroaggregate, followed by 0.25-0.053 mm microaggregate and >2mm large macroaggregate have lowest content in soil. For 2-0.25 mm macroaggregate, the regular pattern was deer manure treatment > cow manure treatment > chicken manure treatment > CK, significant difference; For microaggregate and silt + clay, is CK > deer manure treatment, cow manure treatment, chicken manure treatment and there was no significant difference among different manure treatments.(2)Soil organic carbon(SOC): During ginseng growth period, Followed ginseng grew to withered and wintering period, Compared with 0 day, The content of SOC in different aggregate decreased significantly. Followed the ginseng grew, SOC decomposed with time.Compared content of SOC in different aggregate, For CK and chicken manure treatments,> 0.25 mm > 0.25-0.053 mm > <0.053mm; For cow and deer manure, > 0.25 mm > 0.053 mm > 0.25-0.053 mm.Ginseng grew to wintered and wintering period(manure treated 1.5 years), Compared SOC under different treatments, Complete soil: Deer and chicken manure treatments > cow manure > CK; <0.053 mm silt + clay: cow and deer manure treatments > chicken manure>CK.Soil humic substance: During ginseng growth period, Followed ginseng grew to withered and wintering period, Compared with 0 day, The content of extractable humus(HE), humus(HM), humic acid(HA) in Soil with cow, deer and chicken manure treatments decreased in fruiting period, and increased to 0 day’s level in wintered and wintering period, Fulvic acid(FA) decreased and converted to HA; The content of HE, HA, HM in CK complete soil decreased and FA no change.Compared the content of humic substance in different aggregate, With the time of ginseng growth and manure treatment, In 0 day, there was the highest content of humic substance in macroaggregate under different treatment, and in wintered and wintering period, compared with 0 day, The content of HE, HA, FA decreased significant in >0.25 mm macroaggregate, and descended range is 46.16%~58.01%; The content of HE, HA, FA in 0.25-0.053 mm have no significant change; For <0.053 mm silt +clay, there was no significant change in cow manure soil about HE, HA, FA. HE, HA, FA in CK, deer and chicken manure treatment decreased but a little range result to a higher content of HE, HA, FA in <0.053 mm silt +clay than other aggregates.Among different treatments, Ginseng grew to wintered and wintering period(manure treated 1.5 years), compared with CK, livestock and poultry manure increased content of humic substance in complete soil and different size aggregates. Chicken manure in favour of formation of HE and HA, Deer manure make for FA and cow manure in favour of FA and HM.Soil available nutrient: During ginseng growth period, seeding period—leaf extension period—fruiting period, The content of Available potassium decreased of all treatments; Alkali-hydrolyzale nitrogen and Available phosphorus decreased conspicuous during leaf extension period—fruiting period—wintered and wintering period.Among different treatments, Followed ginseng grew to withered and wintering period(manure treated 1.5 years), Compared with CK, livestock and poultry manure increased content of Alkali-hydrolyzale nitrogen, Available phosphorus and Available potassium. Compared with cow manure, deer and chicken manure can support more Alkali-hydrolyzale nitrogen and Available phosphorus to plants; Cow and chicken manure can support more Available potassium; Chicken manure can support Alkali-hydrolyzale nitrogen, Available phosphorus and Available potassium all-sided.Among different aggregate, there was more Alkali-hydrolyzale nitrogen, Available phosphorus and Available potassium all-sided in >0.25 mm macroaggregate, but followed the ginseng grew to withered and wintering period, The content of Alkali-hydrolyzale nitrogen, Available phosphorus and Available potassium in >0.25 mm macroaggregate decreased significantly and a large range was 59.02%~78.29%; Available phosphorus in microaggregate and silt + clay decreased significantly, Alkali-hydrolyzale nitrogen decreased significantly.The diversity of microbial community: During ginseng growth period, followed ginseng growth, account and community of fungi in CK soil decreased, livestock and poultry manure increased fungi amount especially in chicken manure treatment. Followed ginseng grew to withered and wintering period, cow and deer manure treatment soil fungi community were mainly Ascomycota.Compared with CK, livestock and poultry manure treatments increased fungi amount and diversity of Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Zygomycota in ginseng soil, decreased the Humicola which could cause the ginseng root rot significantly. Cow and deer manure treatment increased the relative abundance of Acremonium which is biocontrol fungi; and chicken manure increased the relative abundance of Fusarium which caused root rot significantly.