| In this paper, a comparison and analysis was made between the four natural populations(Kaidu River, Gongnaisi River, Manasi River, Kashi River) in the phentypic differences and the genetic diversity by mitochondrialo DNA control region sequnces and partial cytochrome b gene as the master.This provides theoretical reference for the rejuvenation and sustainable exploitation of natrual population of Gymnodiptychus dybowskiiowskii, the results were as follows:First, partial control region(CR)of Gymnodiptychus dybowskiiowskii mitochondrial genome was determined based on some indentified conservative sequnce in the part control region of Cyprinus carpio and Schizothorax chongi. And furthermore the blocks of central domined(TAS), the central conserved domain(CD) and the conserved sequence block domain(CSB) in the region of Gymnodiptychus dybowskiiowskii and Cyprinus carpio and Schizothorax chongi. By comparing the structure of the basic group in the control region of three group, there are also differences in the other regions in the control region. Compared with the Cyprinus carpio and Schizothorax chongi, part of the bases are missing in Gymnodiptychus dybowskiiowskii. We find three tandem repeats in Gymnodiptychus dybowskiiowskii.Second, partial mitochondrial DNA D-loop gene of the 748 bp mitochondrial sequences were used to analyze the genetic diversity and structure of the Gymnodiptychus dybowskiiowskii from four populations(Kaidu River, Manas River, Kashi River, Gongnaisi Rivers). The results showed that: 20 variable nucleotide sites and 13 haplotypes were detected in 74 individuals. Among them, 6 variable sites were found in the 21 populations of Kaidu River. 5variable sites were found in the 24 populations of Gongnaisi River.6 variable sites were found in the 2 populations of Kashi River. 3variable sites were found in the 24 populations of Manasi River. The average haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity of the Gymnodiptychus dybowskiiowskii(Hd=0.864±0.196, Pi=0.03112±0.030475). The pairwise fixation index(FST) revealed a high degree of genetic differentiation between the the Manas River and other groups(FST>0.15), while a lower degree of differentiation between the other groups(0.05<FST<0.15), Gene Flow(Nm) shows there is a great river of gene flow between populations and Kashi River Gongnaisi River. Neighbor-joining tree and Median-joining network of Gdybowskii also showed Manas River populations and other population have distantly relation in haplotypes, and they were have close significant differentiation in the other haplotypes of the other three groups.Third, We use the methods to extracted partial mitochondrial DNA Cytb gene,and the use of biological methods for software access to genetic analysis.Which are designed to analyze the genetic diversity and structure of the Gymnodipty chusdybowskii from four populations(Kaidu River, Manas River, Kashi River, Gongnaisi Rivers). The results showed that: 15 variable nucleotide sites and 9 haplotypes were detected in 74 individuals. Among them, 1 variable sites was found in twenty one individuals of Kaidu River. 10 variable sites were found in the twenty seven individuals of Gongnaisi River. 5 variable sites were found in the two individuals of Kashi River. 9 variable sites were found in the twenty four individuals of Manasi River. The average haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity of the Gymnodipty chusdybowskii(Hd=0.810±0.062,Pi=0.00594±0.00377). The pairwise fixation index(FST) revealed a high degree of genetic differentiation between the the Manas River and other groups(FST>0.15), while a lower degree of differentiation between the other groups(0.05<FST<0.15), Gene Flow(Nm) shows there is a great river of gene flow between populations and Kashi River, Gongnaisi River. Neighbor-joining tree and Median-joining network of G. dybowskii also showed Manasi River populations and other population have distantly relationin haplotypes, and they were have close significant differentiation in the other haplotypes of the other three groups. The results showed that: four groups G.chusdybowskii germplasm resources have suffered great damage,we should be strengthened fisheries management measures, and set up a special protection agencies.Fourth, Screening of the mitochondrial control region after the 13 haplotypes from each select a sample, for the same sample of six different organizations,(muscle, fin, gills, skin, eyes, liver) study different points qualitative and length heterogeneity, studies show that the frequency of occurrence of point heterogeneity in different populations are very similar, the highest probability of occurrence of point heterogeneity in the muscles,followed by the frequency of occurrence of liver,muscle tissue except one heterogeneity point occurred in the liver tissue,and mutant nucleotide mutation site and the type of the same muscle.This is related to heterogeneity of forensic reports about the high heterogeneity of "hot spots" the same as the highest frequency in the muscle tissue, liver tissue, followed by three different groups of mitochondrial D-loop region of the 5 ’end of the tandem repeats are present TR1, TR2, TR3, TR3 in which TAS has identified conserved sequence:TACAT, identified in TR1 and TR3 TACAT upstream sequences in TAS, stable hairpin structure can be formed. Different individuals in a total of 72 different tissue samples CCP exists a, b, c, free 9 different tandem repeats of the nucleotide sequence of these nine different types of tandem repeats can have a minimum 2.8kcal / mol, there is the maximum 0.6kcal / mol. Wherein the secondary structure of a type of the most stable, and b,f-type secondary structure to the greatest freedom, its structure is unstable.Total, comprehensive Gymnodiptychus dybowskiiowskii mitochondrial DNA control region, cytochrome b and control region heterogeneity of studies show that Manas rive r and Kashi River have a low genetic diversity, where Manas River population were divided to some extent. We need do more to protect them. |
PDF Full Text Request