| PART 1 In this study, we investigated how conjugated linoleic acids could affect the growth, body composition and metabolism related hepatic enzyme activities of juvenile hybrid grouper(♀Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ×♂Epinephelus lanceolatu). Fishes with initial average weight of 63.57±0.56 g were examined after 8 weeks of feeding with isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets diets,in which 0(CLA0), 0.8%(CLA0.8), 1.6%(CLA1.6), 2.4%(CLA2.4), 3.2%(CLA3.2) of conjugated linoleic acid were supplemented. The results showed that: 1)There were no significant differences in weight gain ratio(WGR), survival rate(SR), specific growth rate(SGR), condition factor(CF), hepatosomatic index(HIS) and viscerosomatic index(VSI)( P>0.05). Protein efficiency ratio(PER) was increased with increasing of dietary CLA,and all experimental groups were significantly higher than that of CLA0 groups(P<0.05). Feed intake(FI) was reduced with increasing of dietary CLA, and group CLA0 significant higher than others(P<0.05). Feed conversion ratio(FCR) was decreased, and achieved in the group CLA2.4, which significant lower than CLA0(P<0.05). 2) The fat content in muscle was increased with increasing of dietary CLA, and the achieved in the group CLA0.8, which significant lower than CLA0(P<0.05). The fat content in liver was no significant(P>0.05). The content of SFA and C18:0 in muscle of group CLA1.6 significant higher than that of group CLA0(P<0.05), and the content of MUFA in CLA3.2 achieved minimum as well as C18:1n-9, which significant lower than that of control group(P<0.05). The content of C16:0 and C18:0 of liver of group CLA2.4 and CLA3.2 significant higher than control group(P<0.05), however the content of C16:1n-7, C18:1n-9 and C18:1n-7 significant lower than group CLA0(P<0.05). The content of C18:3n-3 and C18:2n-6 in muscle and liver of group CLA2.4 and CLA3.2 significant lower than that of group CLA0(P<0.05). The content of C18:2c9,t11 and C18:2t10,c12 in muscle and liver were highly related with the supplement of dietary CLA, and all experimental groups were significantly higher than that of CLA0 groups(P<0.05). 3) Dietary conjugated linoleic acid levels among glucose-6-phosphatedehy drogenase(G6PD) activity in the experimental groups were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05); acyl-Coenzyme aoxidase(ACO) activity has the highest CLA3.2 activity,which is higher than the other groups(P<0.05); General esterase(LPS) and fatty acid synthetase(FAS) activity in the experimental groups were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).The result indicate that dietary CLA can significant improve the utilization of aquafeed of juvenile hybrid grouper, and improve the composition of fatty acids in liver and muscle, and increasing metabolism related hepatic enzyme activities.PART 2 In this study, we investigated how conjugated linoleic acids could affect the growth, body composition and metabolism related hepatic enzyme activities of juvenile hybrid grouper(♀Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ×♂Epinephelus lanceolatu). Fishes with initial average weight of 63.57±0.56 g were examined after 8 weeks of feeding with isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets diets,in which 0(CLA0), 0.8%(CLA0.8), 1.6%(CLA1.6), 2.4%(CLA2.4), 3.2%(CLA3.2) of conjugated linoleic acid were supplemented. The results showed that: 1) weight in each group(WG) and specific growth rate(SGR) showed a downward trend in increased, apart from the CLA3.2 group, other groups were significantly higher than CLA0( P <0.05). feeding rates(DFI) and feed conversion ratio(FCR) was the first decline after an upward trend, the CLA0.8 group and the CLA1.6 group was significantly lower than the CLA0 group(P<0.05). among the various groups fatness(CF), liver(HSI), dirty(VSI), the survival rate(SR) there was no significant difference(P>0.05). 2) muscle and liver fat content increased with the reduced levels of CLA, CLA0.8 group, other groups were significantly lower than the CLA0 Group(P<0.05), the addition of CLA on liver and muscle moisture content, crude protein, crude ash had no significant effect(P>0.05). SFA content in liver and muscle with the CLA level increases, C18:0 in the experimental group was significantly higher than the CLA0 Group( P<0.05), the MUFA content was significantly lower than that of CLA0, C16:1n-7, C18:1n-9, C18:1n-7 lower CLA0 Group(P<0.05), PUFA content was significantly higher than the CLA0 Group(P<0.05). Muscle and liver of C18:2c9,t11 and C18:2t10,c12 content of conjugated linoleic acid levels were significantly correlated, the Add Group were significantly higher than the CLA0 Group(P<0.05). 3) with feed in the CLA level of increased, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenation enzyme(G6PD) and fatty acids synthesis enzyme(FAS) activity is declined trend, the experiment group significantly below CLA0(P<0.05), apple acid enzyme(ME) in the group between and no significantly sex poor(P>0.05). Acyl-Coenzyme a oxidase(ACO) and ester enzymes(TLP) activity was increased with the increase CLA levels in feed, the experimental group was significantly higher than the CLA0 Group(P<0.05). This study showed that CLA can increase Pearl gentian of juvenile rockfish weight and specific growth rate, while improving their efficiency of feed utilization. Of dietary conjugated linoleic acid reduces liver and muscle fat, reduce the content of monounsaturated fatty acids, improving fatty acid composition. And young fish of Epinephelus Pearl gentian can absorb and deposition of conjugated linoleic acid, making it a source of man’s potential intake of conjugated linoleic acid. |
PDF Full Text Request