The Study On The Influence Of Different Nitrogen Levels On Metabolism Of Carbon And Nitrogen In Wine Grape ‘cabernet Gernischet’ Tree

This research used 10 years old grape cultivars ‘Cabernet Gernischet’ as material, which have studied the influence of different nitrogen levels [N0, N150, N300, N450, N600kg/hm2,represented by N(0), N(1), N(2), N(3), N(4) respectively] on ‘Cabernet Gernischet’ grape leaves photosynthetic and fluorescence characteristics, enzymes activity related carbon and nitrogen metabolism and substances content of metabolism, endogenous hormones content, fruit quality and yield. To explore the effects of nitrogen on the wine grape mechanism of carbon and nitrogen metabolism and endogenous hormone regulation, thereby provide theoretical support for scientific fertilization. The main results are as follows:1. Nitrogen treatment N(1), N(2) and N(3) improved the chlorophyll content, RuBp carboxylase activity, the values of Pn, GS, Tr, Fv’/ Fm’, ? PSII and qP parameters related to photosynthesis of grape leaves with varying degrees, however N(4) treatment improved not obviously or lower than that of N(0). Among photosynthetic parameters and fluorescence parameters showed a certain correlation, Pn and GS, Fv’/ Fm’ and ? PSII, ? PSII and qP showed a close positive correlation.2. Under N(1), N(2) and N(3) treatments the nitrogen metabolism related enzymes of GS, NR, GOGAT, GDH activity in grape leaves increased significantly compared with N(0), and showed the upward trend with nitrogen application increasing. However, enzymes activity did not increase significantly under N(4) treatment. The contents of total nitrogen in leaves and stem of new shoots grown under nitrogen application trearments were higher than that in N(0) treatment, while C/N was lower than N(0). However, the effect of nitrogen levels on soluble protein content in leaves was less. There may be differences in several determination indexs in special growth stages. The activity of GS and GOGAT showed significant or extremely significant positive correlation in the growth stage.3. The effect of nitrogen level on carbon metabolism enzyme activities and metabolites were different. Compared with N(0) treatment, SPS activity in leaves did not show regular change with the application of nitrogen level increased. On the whole, leaves growth under N3 treatment was higher than others during early growth stage, and duiring later growth stage that N(2) treatment was higher. SS activity and sucrose content in leaves growth under N(1), N(2) and N(3) treatment showed increasing trend. AI and NI activity, glucose and fructose content in leaves firstly increased and then decreased with the amount of nitrogen fertilizer increased, and N(2) treatment reached maximum value. Starch content in leaves showed a decreasing trend with the amount of nitrogen fertilizer increased. During early growth stage, organic carbon content in the leaves was increased with the increase of nitrogen application, but during late growth stage on the contrary. Effect of nitrogen levels on organic carbon content in stem of new shoots was not obviously. SS and SPS activity, SS and SPS enzyme activity and sucrose content, AI and NI enzyme activity and glucose and fructose content in leaves showed a close correlation.4. ‘Cabernet Gernischet’ grape grown under different nitrogen levels, the content of endogenous hormones in leaves was different in different growth stages. N(1), N(2) and N3 treatments significantly improved ZR level in leaves when compared with N(0). However, the performance disappeared after 80 days after flowering. The IAA content in grape leaves did not show regular change when nitrogen fertilizer application increased. GA3 content in leaves increased with the increasing of nitrogen application amount and nitrogen application treatments were significantly higher than that of N(0). The content of ABA was decreased with the amount of nitrogen fertilizer increased and during early growth stage is obviously. Before 20 days after anthesis, the ratio of(ZR+IAA+GA3) /ABA and GA3/ABA were increased with the increasing of nitrogen application amount and N(2), N(3) and N(4) treatment was significantly higher than that of N(0). However, their ratio were decreased significantly during later growth stage and N(2) treatment was obviously higher than other treatments.5. Nitrogen application could significantly improve the grape fruit quality and yield. Fruit total soluble sugar, sugar acid ratio, anthocyanins and tannins content under N(2) treatment were higher than other treatments, and titration acid content was lowest. So N(2) treatment achieved highest grape fruit quality. Grape yield increased with nitrogen application amount increased, the yield reached highest under N4 treatment. Combining with the yield and quality, N(2) treatment is the best amount of nitrogen application.6. The plant growth characteristics and fruit quality yield were comprehensive analyzed. The results showed that the grape plant growth best as well as the fruit quality and yield was greatly improved under nitrogen amount at 300kg/hm2.