Effects Of Microbial Fertilizer Partly Replace Chemical Fertilizer On Tomato(Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill.) In Non-cultivated Land Greenhouse.

In this study, we used tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)as material to investigate the effect of microbial fertilizer which partly replaced chemical fertilizer on tomato growing in substrate culture in non-cultivated land greenhouse. This experiment had eight treatments which included no-fertilizer(CK), regular fertilizer(100HF), different rate(80%, 70%) of regular fertilizer(80HF, 70HF), different rate(100%, 80%, 70%) of regular fertilizer combined with same amount of microbial fertilizer(100HFW, 80 HFW, 70HFW), single application of microbial fertilizer(W). We measured some indicators of tomato includes growth parameters, quality, yield, photosynthetic characteristics, nutrient concentration of seedling and substrate, nutrient use efficiency of substrate and the amount of microorganisms. Then, we have drawed the following conclusions:1. Compared with no-fertilizer(CK), single application of chemical fertilizer and chemical fertilizer which combined with microbial fertilizer treatments could increase the height and stem diameter of tomato seedlings. Among these treatments, 100 HFW had the maximum effect positively, followed by regular fertilizer(100HF). Moreover, compared with single application of chemical fertilizer, chemical fertilizer which combined with microbial fertilizer treatments could effectively increase accumulation of dry matter during development process of tomato. The accumulation of dry matter of 100 HFW treatment is highest than those of other treatments in the whole growth period of tomato seedlings.2. Among single application of chemical fertilizer treatments, tomato’s yield had a significant decrease with the decrease of the amount of chemical fertilizer. However, compared with single application of chemical fertilizer treatments, microbial fertilizer treatments could increase tomato yield in different degree. The yield of 100 HFW 80HFW were higher than those of other treatments and there is no significant difference between the yield of 80 HFW and 100 HFW. Furthermore, compared with 100 HF, the total yield of 100 HFW and 80 HFW had increased by 11%, 9.07%, respectively. Among different treatments, per yield and total yield of CK and W were lowest.3. Compared with single application of chemical fertilizer, chemical fertilizer combined with microbial fertilizer could increase Vc and soluble sugar concentration of tomato and 80 HFW had the highest soluble sugar concentration. When chemical fertilizer decreased the rate of regular fertilizer, the organic acid concentration had decreased subsequently. Meanwhile, chemical fertilizer combined with microbial fertilizer could also decrease the organic acid concentration of tomato. Moreover, nitrate concentrations of all treatments were below safety standards of nitrate concentration of national vegetable health. Furthermore, compared with single application of chemical fertilizer, microbial fertilizer could significantly decrease nitrate concentration. CK, 70 HF, 80 HFW, 70 HFW and W treatments had the lowest nitric concentration, there is no significant difference among these treatments.4. The net photosynthetic rate(Pn) could be decreased when the amount of chemical fertilizer decreased. Our results showed that the chemical fertilizer combined with microbial fertilizer treatments could significantly increase Pn. Moreover, there has no significant difference between 100 HF and 80 HFW though the treatment of 80 HFW decrease 20% amount of chemical fertilizer. Meanwhile, fertilizer combined with microbial fertilizer treatments also enhanced stomatal conductance(Gs) and decrease intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci). Stomatal conductance of tomato leaves of 80 HFW was highest than those of other treatments. Meanwhile, the treatment of microbial fertilizer which partly replaced chemical fertilizer could increase transpiration rate(Tr) of tomato leaves, but the effect was not obvious.5. The treatments of chemical fertilizer combined with microbial fertilizer had a positive effect on increasing the concentration of available nitrogen and available potassium in substrate. However, chemical fertilizer combined with microbial fertilizer had little influence on available phosphorus in substrate. Moreover, chemical fertilizer combined with microbial fertilizer could decrease the amount of total nitrogen and total phosphorus of substrate and these treatments had little effect on the total potassium amount of substrate.6. Compared with chemical fertilizer treatments,chemical fertilizer combined with microbial fertilizer could significantly increase nitrogen use efficiency. Among these treatments, nitrogen use efficiency of 100 HFW and 80 HFW were higher than those of other treatments. Moreover, chemical fertilizer combined with microbial fertilizer also increased absorptions of phosphate and potassic fertilizer, but these effects were not significant. The highest use efficiencies of phosphate and potassic fertilizer were in 70 HFW treatment.7. Among treatments of single application of chemical fertilizer, the amounts of fungus and bacterium are inversely proportional to the amount of chemical fertilizer. However, compared with single application of chemical fertilizer, the treatments of regular fertilizer combined with microbial fertilizer may increase the amount of fungus, bacterium and actinomycetes in different degree. Among these treatments, the amount of fungus, bacterium and actinomycetes of 80 HFW were higher than those of other treatments.