| Dingxi City in Gansu Province is one of the main producing areas of China’s dryland potato, potato industry has become a pillar industry and characteristic industry of agricultural development in Dingxi City, farmers in order to obtain higher yield long-term to soil applied fertilizers and ignore the application of organic manure, resulting in soil organic matter decreased year by year, is not conducive to the sustainable development. Therefore, we in Anding District, Dingxi City set field experiment, aims to explore the organic fertilizer of soil organic matter, can cultivate the microorganism quantity and on Potato Yield and dry matter accumulation and distribution,for the improvement of the local soil provides theoretical basis. Field test experiment consists of four treatments:T1: no fertilization(CK);T2: CF;T3: OF;T4: Fertilizer with organic fertilizer(CF+OF)The main results are as follows:(1) The fertilization treatments significantly increased soil organic matter content, mulching and plastic film mulching conditions changed in the same trend, and the control(CK) compared to in the whole growth period of potato, all fertilizer processing organic matter content were higher than those in no fertilizer treatment, and the use of organic fertilizer treatment(T3, T4) of the soil organic matter content is higher than that of the control(T1) and chemical fertilizer treatment(T2). Harvest, film than no mulch treatment of soil organic matter content fell by an average of 0.19 percentage points, but the difference was not significant. This is mainly test length too short.Different fertilization treatment also increased the 20-40 cm soil organic matter content, an increase in the amplitude without top soil increased the magnitude of the high, no mulching and plastic film mulching condition trend under the consistent in each growth stage of potato, the application of organic fertilizer treatment(T3, T4) soil with organic matter content to be higher than that of the control(T1) and chemical fertilizer treatment(T2).Due to plastic film mulching increased soil temperature and moisture, soil microbial created a good environment, increase the number, activity strengthened, and the organic matter decomposition rate is increased, so 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm soil organic matter content showed for mulching treatment was lower than that of no mulch treatment.(2) The surface soil could increase the number of microorganisms in the surface soil, and the change trend was consistent under the condition of not covered by plastic film and plastic film.film mulching significantly affected the number of bacteria in soil with different fertilization, in potato flowering stage, tuber initiation stage and harvest stage,the application of organic manure treatment(T3, T4) the number of bacteria was significantly higher than that of control(T1) and chemical fertilizer(T2)(p<0.05), the increase amplitude reached 66.1%-118.8% and 13.0%-50.3%, with organic and inorganic fertilizer T4 the best effect, and the number of bacteria is higher than that of treatments with 23.4%-78.6%; in the potato growth period, the application of organic manure treatment(T3, T4) the number of actinomycetes was higher than that of chemical fertilizer treatment(CF) and control(CK), the increase reached 24.1%-79.1% and 15.6%-50.6%, and the effect trend of bacteria are basically the same,and in the flowering stage and harvest stage of potato,the number of actinomycetes OF CF treatment was significantly higher than the other three treatments(p<0.05), and the coating film processing actinomycetes was higher than that without film 18.6 %-54.7%; in addition to the seedling, in other growing period of potato. The application of organic fertilizer processing(T3, T4) the number of fungi to lower than that of the control(CK) and chemical fertilizer(CF), reduce the rate reached 31.7%-66.7% and 30.2%-89.6%, and at the flowering stage, tuber formation stage and starch accumulation period reached were significant(P < 0.05) and mulching treatment number of fungi is higher than that of no mulch treatment application of 20.5%-47.2%. organic fertilizer treatment(T3, T4) bacteria,actinomycetes number to be higher than that of the control(CK) and chemical fertilizer(CF),the number of fungi to lower than that of the control(CK) and chemical fertilizer treatment(CF).(3) Each fertilizer treatment significantly increased the number of Bacillus in the surface soil, and the change trend was consistent under the condition of no film mulching and plastic film mulching.in the potato growth period, the number of application of organic manure treatment bacillus to higher than that without fertilizer and chemical fertilizer treatment and in seedling stage and tuber formation phase difference reached significant(P < 0.05); application of organic fertilizer of Bacillus dominance to higher than that of control and dominance of the potato growth period of Bacillus in to keep the stable and single application of fertilizer treatment Bacillus advantage degree is lower than the control and comparing it with no fertilization, in the potato growth period, the dominance of Bacillus have a downward trend.(4) mulching increased soil temperature, covered the warming effect is mainly manifested in the early, especially 10 cm, film than that without film increased 1-2 degrees. After emergence to 63,with rising temperatures, temperature increasing effect of plastic film mulching gradually weakened. With deepening of soil depth, the lower soil temperature and no difference.(5) mulching increased soil moisture content and soil moisture effect is very obvious, especially in the 0-20 cm depth,the treatment of film mulching than no mulch treatment,soil moisture in the potato growth period increased 1.01-3.84%, especially the effect at early growth stage of potato is more obvious, which is significant for potato production in Gansu Dingxi arid area. |
PDF Full Text Request