Study On The Systemtic Classification About Sambucus In Jilin Province

Sambucus L., a deciduous shrub or arbor, rarely for the tall herb, is belong to Caprifoliaceae. The seed’ oil of Sambucus L. can be squeezed, which contains unsaturated fatty acids of linoleic and linolenic etc, and elderberry is an important woody oil species; The roots, stems and leaves can be pharmaceutical, and the fruits have high ornamental value, so it is a kind of important economic woody species.In this paper, the six species belonging to Sambucus L. in Jilin province were used as the research object, the macro-morphological and micro-morphological characteristics of Sambucus were observed, photographed, and analyzed with light microscope(SE) and scanning electron microscope(SEM). The chloroplast and nuclear genes sequences were experimented and analyzed by DNA barcoding technique a variety of classification methods such as classification of classical,ultrastructure, pollen and molecular systemtic taxonomy(DNA sequences) were used for classification of Sambucus L. in Jilin province. At the same time, numerical classification method based on the characteristics of macro-morphology and micro-morphology was adopted for classifying Sambucus L. in Jilin province in order to find the basis of classification and to explore the genetic relationship among them,the results are as follows:1. Research results of morphology(1) The macro-morphological characteristics verify that there are six species of Sambucus L. in Jilin province, which are Sambucus williamsii Hance, S. buergeriana Blume, S. foetidissima Nakai, S. manshurica Kitag, S. coreana(Nakai) Kom and S.latipinna Nakai respectively.(2) The micro-morphological characteristics(including type of epidermal cells wall, shape of epidermal cells, pattern of anticlinal wall, surface sculpture, cuticular membrane, shape of stomatal apparatus, inner margin shape of outer stomatal ledge and sculpture) on leaf epidermis of Sambucus L. in Jilin province show a highly diversity, and the key based on the micro-morphological characteristics of the leaf epidermis of Sambucus L. in Jilin province was compiled. In combination with the leaf epidermis, pollen and seeds microscopic characteristics of Sambucus L. in Jilin province, these are divided into two groups. ClassⅠis with hairy, including Sambucus buergeriana Blume and S. latipinna Nakai; Class Ⅱ is with hairless, including Sambucus williamsii Hance, S. foetidissima Nakai, S. manshurica Kitag and S.coreana(Nakai) Kom. And the key baed on seed micro-morphological characteristics of Sambucus L. in Jilin Province was compiled.(3) The comprehensive analysis of macro-morphological and micromorphological characteristics shows that there are two big groups of Sambucus L. inJilin province. Class Ⅰ is with hairy, including Sambucus buergeriana Blume and S.latipinna Nakai; Class Ⅱ is with hairless, including Sambucus williamsii Hance, S.foetidissima Nakai, S. manshurica Kitag and S. coreana(Nakai) Kom, and which is consistent with the classification results of micro-morphological characteristics.2. Research results of DNA barcoding technology(1) The chloroplast genes(psbA-trnH, rbcL and rpoC) sequence fragments are highly conservative of Sambucus L. from different populations, which are not suitable for classification basis of Sambucus L. in Jilin province.(2) There are differences among ITS2 sequence fragments of Sambucus L. in Jilin province, which can be divided into four branches. The first branch including Sambucus latipinna Nakai, there are difference loci at the 67 bp and 94 bp between Sambucus lattipina and the rest of 5 kinds. The second branch including Sambucus williamsii Hance, there is difference locus at the 213 bp between Sambucus williamsii and the rest of 5 kinds. The third branch including Sambucus buergeriana Blume,there is difference locus at the 265 bp between Sambucus buergeriana and the rest of4 kinds except Sambucus latipinna Nakai. The fourth branch including Sambucus foetidissima Nakai, S. manshurica Kitag and S. coreana(Nakai) Kom, their gene sequences’ homologies are absolutely consistent with each other, and there is difference locus at the 265 bp between three species above mentioned and Sambucus buergeriana Blume, S. latipinna Nakai.3. The analysis results of DNA barcoding technology is a further supplement for the comprehensive analysis results of macro-morphological characteristics and micro-morphological characteristics, and it has an important reference value between the identification and classification of Sambucus L..