Study On The Hyperglycemic Components Of Alisma Orentalis By Chromatography

Alisma orientalis（Sam.）Juzep. is one of the most widely used traditionalChinese medicine, with various bioactiviteis. The paper studied Alisma orientalis,which was produced in Jiangxi province, on the hypoglycemic components of itsrhizome and the characteristics of its peduncle. The main work and results of thepaper were as follows:1. The nutrients of the peduncle of Alisma orientale (Sam.) Juzep. weredetermined using national standard method and its nutritional value of protein wasevaluated by methods of chemical score and ratio coefficient of amino acid. Inaddition, the inhibitory activity of its crude extracts on alpha-glucosidase wasinvestigated. The results showed that the contents (per100g of dry sample) of crudeprotein, crude fat, total dietary fiber, ash, polysaccharide, reducing sugar, vitamin Cand carotene were26.10g,2.20g,27.56g,8.70g,4.22g,4.87g,406.30mg and380.00μg, respectively. The ratio of essential amino acid to total amino acid(EAA/TAA) was39.54%and the ratio of essential amino acid to not essential aminoacid (EAA/NEAA) was60.46%. The proportion of flavor amino acid in total aminoacid was more than40%. Sulphur amino acids (methionine and cystine) were its firstlimiting essential amino acid. In addition, both of its water and alcohol extract (500μg/mL) showed inhibitory activity on alpha-glucosidase, with inhibition rates of43.75%and39.90%respectively.2. The n-butanol extract of the rhizome of Alisma orientalis was purified byusing different methods, including normal pressure silica gel chromatography,medium pressure preparative chromatography, TLC, etc. Finally, adenine and succinicacid were obtained from Alisma orientalis as the first time; and uracil, which hadbeen obtained in the lab’s predecessor’s work, was also obtained. Among the threecompounds, adenine and uracil were found in many fractions.3. The hypoglycemic activities of the extracts and compounds groups obtainedfrom Alisma orientalis were studied by α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory experiments. The results showed that, adenine, succinic acid, and Fr.3.7had certainα-glucosidase inhibition but low α-amylase inhibition; while uracil&thymidine,vernine&thymidine, succinic acid&adenine had relative high α-glucosidaseinhibition but low α-amylase inhibition.4. The α-glucosidase inhibition characteristics of adenine and succinic acid werestudied by Lineweaver-Burk and Dixon plots. The results showed that, inα-glucosidase inhibition experiments, the optimum reaction time of both adenine andsuccinic acid were10min, while the addition volume of adenine and succinic acidwere10μL and15μL, respectively; the α-glucosidase inhibition type of both sampleswere mixed; as the concentration of adenine and succinic acid were increased, theaffinity of α-glucosidase and pNPG would also increase, but the maximum reactionspeed would decrease; the affinity ofα-glucosidase with adenine was lower than withsuccinic acid.