Clinical Study Of Neural Injury Caused By Maxillofacial Trauma

Background and Objective:Trauma is the damage of organic structural integrity caused by mechanical forceenergy, accomplished by the birth, labor, and all social activity of human. At all timesand in all over the world, human cognitive process and treatment level to trauma areever-improving. As the development social economy and the change of life mode,modern society gives a brand new definition. In this peaceful age, as an "illness ofadvanced society", trauma has been ever-increasingly threatening human physical andpsychological health, exerting a negative influence on quality of population and living.As a province with a large population located at mid-east region of China, Henan’spopulation has reach94.17million with well-developed transportation. Andaccompanied by the rapid development of economy, especially the construction ofroad infrastructure and the improvement of transportation, the number of ourtraumatic patients has grew drastically. But by far，the epidemic data of oral andmaxillofacial trauma in Henan province has been scarcely reported.This study has collected a large number of maxillofacial fracture patients of thefirst affiliated hospital of zhengzhou university, by retrospectively analyzing the age,gender, causes and other relative information from the database, to achieve epidemicmaterial of oral maxillofacial trauma and provide data reference to for traumaticfracture precaution.Meanwhile, we’ve discussed the functional recovery disciplinesand related influencing factors of peri-maxillofacial neural injury, by analyzing the medical record of related cases.Material and method:479complete cases who have received operation in oral and maxillofacial surgerydepartment of the first affiliated hospital of zhengzhou university from july,2011tojanuary,2014are collected.To analyze and come to a statistical result demonstratedby bar chart,line graph,circle diagram and other diagrams.We retrospectivelyanalyzed the medical history of maxillofacial trauma related neural injury,includingthe influence of injury position and pattern to its functional restoration. Statisticalcharts were drawn to show the descriptive analysis results, and The existinginternationally used HB assessment （House—Brackmann facial nerveGrading） is adopted to evaluate the funtional recovery of neural injury.Result:Among479cases of oral and maxillofacial traumatic patient, male have364cases,signaficantly more than female patients’115cases with a ratio of male to female3.17to1. The average age of all patients is29.82years, meanwhile the group below30years account for54.49%, becoming the most high-risk one. Of all the causes,traffic accidents make up the majority of60.33%. Mandible becomes the predilectionsite with a ratio of43.08%, and limbs and crania-cerebral trauma is the mostsusceptible complication.43cases,accounting for10.49%of all patients, suffertrauma-related neural damage (chart9). Facial nerve and nervous of mentalis havethe highest prevalence rate, accounting for37.20%respectively; infraorbital nerveaccounts for10cases (38.46%), recovery begins1week after surgery. Facialnerve branches injury make up of12cases (54.12%), recovering to normal condition2weeks after surgery. Nervous of mentalis injury account for8cases (47.06%),whereas, Facial nerve trunk injury account for1case (33.33%), and recovery comesafter half a year after surgery.At present, open reduction and internal fixation hasbecome the first choice to treat oral and maxillofacial fracture. Conclusion:Traffic accident has been the primary cause of oral and maxillofacial trauma,and maxillary fracture maken up the majority of oral and maxillofacial fracture.When compared with motor nerves, sensory nerves recover faster. The patients withIV level and above of HB function always have bad prognosis, while patients ofⅢ level and below tend to have a good prognosis.