Assessment Of Inpatient Nutritional Status And Nutritional Risk In The Department Of Medicine Of A Hospital In Zhengzhou

ObjectivesThe study aimed to provide practical reference for clinical nutritional support ofthe patients for their shorter rehabilitation period through assessing the nutritionalstatus and the nutritional risk incidence of hospitalized patients in the department ofinternal medicine of a hospital.MethodsTotal of838patients hospitalized in five internal medicine departmentsendocrinology, neurology, respiratory, gastroenterology, and Cardiology wereinvestigated between September15and November15,2013through questionnaires,anthropometry, and laboratory tests. The contents of questionnaire included monthlyincome, education level, food intake frequency, with or without nutritional supportduring hospital stay, and etc. Total of756valid questionnaires were collected.NRS2002was applied to screening nutritional risks of these hospitalized patients.The data were processed and analyzed by using Epidata3.1and SPSS21.0softwares.Results1. The investigated subjects had high daily intake frequency of meat, poultry, andseafood, of which,83.5%of patients with coronary heart disease had daily intake ofthis group foods. The daily intake frequencies of legumes and dairy products were low,especially for the stroke patients, only36.1%and22.2%of them had daily intake oflegumes and dairy products respectively. The frequencies of daily intake of meat,poultry, and seafood (χ2=18.361，P=0.005), vegetables (χ2=17.903，P=0.006), andfruits (χ2=17.041，P=0.009) were different in the patients with different diseases. Thefrequencies of daily intake of cereals, potato, beans, and dairy products were notsignificantly different in the patients with different diseases (P＞0.05).2. Around7.4%of the patients were undernourished, of which, the highest rate(11.7%) of malnutrition was seen in the patients with respiratory diseases. Theproportion of overweight and obese patients was47.5%in the investigated subjects,of which, the higher proportion was found in the patients with diabetes, hypertension, and coronary heart diseases. The nutritional risk was increased along with ageincreasing in these patients, the nutritional risk score was highest in the patients aged80and above, while lowest in that aged under39. No significant gender difference ofnutritional risk was seen these patients (P＞0.05).3. The nutritional risk detection rates of the patients were46.6%,47.1%and47.4%, in the departments of endocrinology, gastroenterology, and respiratoryrespectively which were higher compared to the other departments. The highest wasseen in diabetic patients (46.8%). The nutritional risk detection rate was80.4%in theundernourished patients.4. Nutrition support was provided in16.1%of undernourished patients and13.5%of patients with nutritional risk. The patients with diabetes, hypertension,coronary heart diseases and digestive system diseases were really provided withnutritional support.Conclusions1. There are significant differences in dietary pattern and nutritional status ofhospitalized patients with different diseases. The incidence of overweight and obesityis high in the investigated inpatients.2. The patients with respiratory diseases have higher nutritional risk. Theelderly patients have higher nutritional risk rate than the young patients. Age and typeof diseases may be the important factors impacting the nutritional risk of inpatients.