| Objective: To learn the status of smoking, drinking, physical activity,overweight and obesity related to chronic disease among Chongqingresidents over15years old, and to determine the prevalence and riskfactors of prehypertension.Methods: An investigation with four phase stratified random samplingmethod was carried out in a Chongqing population aged over15years oldwho lived in Yongchuan district, Qianjiang district, Bishan and Liangpingcounty from2013to2014. Questionnaire content mainly includedemographic characteristics, smoking, alcohol consumption, physicalactivity and information about family history of hypertension.Anthropometric measurements included height, weight and blood pressure.Pearson’s Chi-Square Test, Student’s t test and Logistic regression modelwere mainly used in data analysis.Results： A total of7622participants were investigated,7542questionnaires were determined qualified after eliminating80unqualifiedquestionnaire. The males were3712(49.22%), and the females were 3830(50.78%); The Urban were3749(49.71%), and the rural were3712(50.29%). Han nationality accounts for78.24%, the Tujia nationalityand other ethnic groups accounted for21.44%,21.44%respectivly.Smoking: prevalence of smoking was26.43%, with52.61%in malesand1.04%in females. Smoking rates increased gradually when ageincreased until group aged55to64years old which reached to36.04%,then it have declined along with the age increased, the smoking rate ingroup over75years old were32.98%(2=344.96，P＜0.01). Obviousrelationship between smoking and education level, marriage andoccupation were observed.92.17%of the smokers chose cigarette only, andthe majority were heavy smokers(urban41.46%, rural48.10%). Abstinencedrinking rate was9.68%while passive smoking was23.19%.Alcohol drinking：prevalence of alcohol drinking was23.43%(male40.92%, female6.48%).45.86%of the drinkers took white wine only, and26.26%of the drinkers took white wine and beer at the same time, peopleonly took beer account for22.59%. The average daily alcohol consumptionquantity of the majority population was less than15g. The abstinencedrinking rate was10.27%.Physical activity:88.20%investigated people had occupational relatedbody exercise, including66.45%exercisers in middle strength only.77.88%had traffic related body exercise. People in urban had more averagedaily traffic time than people in rural(t=12.61，P＜0.01). Only18.45%had entertainment body exercise. No matter in workday or non-workday, theaverage hour of people’s daily static activity time and sleeping time werelonger in urban than in rural(P＜0.01). People aged18to24years old hadmore daily static activity time than other age groups.Overweight and obesity:31.68%of the population surveyed wereoverweight or obese,25.78%were overweight and5.90%were obese. Theprevalence of overweight were higher in rural than in urban(rural24.51%,urban27.02%). The prevalence of obesity were higher in female than inmale(male4.66%, female7.10%).The prevalence of prehypertension was37.27%, which was greater inrural than in urban(rural47.85%, urban37.53%), and was greater in malethan in female(male48.30%, female37.31%).From45to54years old, theprevalence of prehypertension was decreased with aging in both male andfemale(P＜0.01).Multiple logistic model revealed that rural, male, age(≥25years old), overweight/obesity were the possible risk factors ofprehypertension, and Tujia ethnic was possible a protective factor（OR=0.83, P <0.01）.Conclusions: Compared with the overall level of whole country, bothsmoking rate and alcohol drinking rate of residents in Chongqing aged over15years old were lower, but still relatively high. Participation rate ofentertainment body exercise was so low, especially in females. The staticactivity hour of residents in Chongqing were generally too long. The prevalence of prehypertension was greater than that of nation in2002, butwas much lower than the level of Shapingba of Chongqing in2002.Lifestyle Intervention should be taken for the prevention and control ofboth hypertension and prehypertension. |
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