| Objective : To explore the relationship among the odds of uterine leiomyoma(UL), dietary intake and lifestyle habits using cross~sectional data from a population~based study of urban women.Methods: This case~control study was conducted between September 2013 and November 2013 in the Physical examination center of The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University and The Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Hebei. We recruited women who came to take a health check~up for the early detection and treatment of disease. All of the participants were voluntary to take part in our study. We excluded subjects who did not meet standards. The questionnaire was designed basing on the Chinese residents nutrition and health monitoring manual(2010) and a great deal of associated references. Uterine leiomyoma cases were confirmed by ultrasound, pelvic examination or gynecological operation. The ultrasound diagnosis included both transabdominal ultrasound screening and transvaginal ultrasound screening. Women were treated as cases if they were diagnosed with at least 1 mass of uterine leiomyoma with a mean diameter ≥0.5 cm at transvaginal ultrasound. Repeated~data~input was performed using Epidata software(version 3.1). All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software(version 13.0), and chi~square test and the binary unconditional logistic regression model were used for data analyses.Results:1 The prevalence rate of uterine fibroids investigated subjects was 14.9%. When compared to women without UL, a higher percentage of women reporting UL were older(70.3% vs 15.7%, 40~45 years old), education(64.8% vs 92.9%, University College degree and above), and overweight or obese(35.1% vs 13.2%).2 The distribution of age at first birth, gravida times, years since last birth and intrauterine device was different between the cases and controls(P<0.05). The distribution of menometrorrhagia was statistically different between the cases and controls(P<0.05).3 There were dose response relationship between The relationship between the intake of yoghurt, kiwi fruit, carrot, nori and haw jelly and UL in the unadjusted model; and the prevalence of UL was significantly decreased as the intake of orange dark green vegetables(middle vs. low:OR 0.548, 95% CI 0.288~1.314; high vs. low:OR 0.259, 95% CI 0.079~0.846; P for trend= 0.022), nuts(middle vs. low:OR 0.548, 95% CI 0.247~1.215; high vs. low:OR 0.357, 95% CI 0.101~1.260; P for trend= 0.047) and dairy products(middle vs. low:OR 0.688, 95% CI 0.310~1.523; high vs. low:0.238, 95% CI 0.054~1.053; P for trend= 0.038).4 After adjusted for age, the significant decline of prevalence was emerged as the intake levels of kiwi fruit, carrot, nori and haw jelly were increased. The prevalence of UL was significantly decreased as the intake of orange dark green vegetables was increasing. The prevalence of UL was decreased as the intake of soy and soya products, thallophyte, fruits and condiment was increasing, but was not significant. After adjusted for BMI, there were dose~response relationships between the intake of yoghurt, kiwi fruit, carrot, nori and haw jelly and UL(P < 0.05). After corrected for physiological characteristics, the prevalence of UL was significantly decreased as the intake of orange dark green vegetables and dairy products as well as the intake of carrot was increasing(P<0.05).5 A statistically significant dose~response relationship was observed between carrot and UL, after adjustment for age, education, body mass index(BMI) and physiological characteristics. After adjustment, a dose~response relationship also emerged for the intake of orange dark green vegetables and dairy products, although these associations were not statistically significant.Conclusions:1 High BMI and age were the major risk factors to UL.2 There was positive correlation between years since last birth and UL.3 The prevalence of UL was different between women whether taking use of intrauterine device or not.4 The study of familial clustering of fibroids was worth to be concerned.5 Further studies on education, alcohol, smoke, physical activity, age at 6 first birth, age at menarche and UL are needed.6 Whether corrected for the risk factors or not, carrot performed significant protection to the prevalence of UL.7 Risk factors had influences on the protection from dairy products. |
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