| Objective Purpose We aim to know the present status of students’physical health and understand how the constitution associate to the diet habits and life styles. In this way, we can provide some suggestions for school health education, prompting college students to establish reasonable dietary structure and form good eating habits and life styles, in order to improve the health consciousness of college students and improve their physical status finally.Method Specified sample cluster sampling method was adopted to select the 2013 freshmen in Liaocheng Vocational and Technical College as subjests in our study. In September,2013, the subjects’information was collected by the questionnaire survey. The questionnaire was self-designed and named "The questionnaire about physical health, dieting habits and lifestyle the college student", which included:(1) Personal general demographic characteristics; including gender, father’s education degree, whether father understand the nutrition knowledge, whether father had bad live habits, mother’s education degree, whether mother understand the nutrition knowledge, whether mother had bad live habits and monthly cost of living expenses, and so on;(2) nutrition KAP theory model survey, mainly investigate the personal basic nutrition knowledge, diet attitude, and personal diet habits, such as having breakfast, snack, regular dieting and other eating behavior;(3) personal lifestyle, including exercise habits, smoking, alcohol consumption, entertainment style and so on. We gave out 1148 questionnaires totally, and all of 1148 questionnaires were getten back, and the recovery rate was 100%. In these recovered questionnaires,17 of them were invalid and 1131 valid. The effective rate was 98.5%.To ensure the quality of the questionnaires and the recovery rate, the questionnaires were given out on the spot. At the same time the subjects filled out the questionnaires and the reviewers completed the quality controlling on the spot. The study leader was involved in the whole process. Medical data of the subjects was got from the school hospital and the survey following the medical examination to ensure the real effectiveness of measurement results. The medical measuring programm was included the students’height, weight, blood pressure and lung capacity. Finally, the body mass index (BMI) was used to evaluate the nutritional status of students, and the lung capacity, blood pressure were used as indicators to determine the physical health of students. Epidata3.1 software package was used to input the questionnaire data and the examination of the data, and establish the database. The data was analyzed by SPSS20.0 statistical software. Classification data was compared with X2-test. The comparison of two groups of continous data using t-test, when there are three or more than three groups, the comparison was using one-way ANOVA analysis. The correlation of two groups of continous data was analyzed by Spearman correlation, and multiple factors analysis with multiple linear regression and Logistics regression.Results In our research, the mean score of nutrition knowledge was 8.25±2.53, and the basic knowledge condition was bad. The right rate ranged from 18.0% to 88.4%. the correction rate was higher in some common-sense questions, and the basic knowledge of nutrition mainly influented by sex and mother’s education, and other family background factors had no impact on nutritional knowledge. Students’ attitude towards nutrition was good, but only a few students (21.1%) considered they were interested in nutritional knowledge, and only about 35% of the students thought they would apply the knowledge to guide of their diet behavior and to spread nutritional knowledge to people around them initiatively. The results of the study also shown the college students’ accessed to nutrition knowledge mainly by internet and television. Nutrition attitude was influented by gender, whether parents understand the nutrition knowledge, and whether their monthly expense above 500 yuan, and other factors have no obvious effect on nutrition attitude.In the study population, diet behavior questionnaire scored averaged of 9.84±2.38, the overall diet behavior was poor. The poorest diet habits were as "tasting is light", "drinking milk" and "eating fish". There were a lot of students often eating food late at night, do not eat breakfast, and often eat western fastfood;the influence factors of bad diet habits were gender, father education degree, whether parents understand the nutrition knowledge and whether mother have bad live habits. In addition, diet behaviors and basic nutrition knowledge, attitudes towards nutrition highly correlated. Some eating habits (whether eat breakfast, eat food late at night, eating animal foods, eat western fastfood) was significantly associated with basic nutrition knowledge. The other diet habits (no breakfast, whether eat food late at night, eat light food, whether consumpt bean products, whether drink milk, eat eggs food, whether consumpt animal foods and whether eat frozen dessert and nutrition attitude score were not significantly correlated.A maximum vital capacity was 5600 ml, the minimum was 1000 ml, and averaged for capacity were nutrition attitude, whether eat eggs food and whether eat bean products. According to the criterion (SBP≥140mmHg or DBP≥90mmHg) selected 72 hypertension cases, accounting for 6.4% of all subjects. According to criterion SBP>P95 or DBP>p95 selected 94 hypertension cases, accounted for 8.3% of the all subjects.After adjusting the general demographic factors, often eat salty food remains as a risk factor for high blood pressure.According to BMI classification in 304 cases suffered from malnutrition, overweight or obese in 141 cases, accounting for 26.9% and 12.5% of all subjects respectively.After adjustment for factors of gender, the partial eclipse is a risk factor for malnutrition, but it was the protection factor of overweight or obese. Lack of eating breakfast was a risk factor for being overweight or obese.Conclusion1. The overall physical status of our subjects is bad according criterion;2.Although most of the college students’ nutrition attitude is good, the basic knowledge of nutrition is poor. Many students have many bad eating habits;3.In the subjects of our study, the nutrition knowledge, nutritional attitudes and dietary behaviors have high degree of correlation, in line with the previous hypothesis of nutrition KAP theory model.4.Pickled foods is one of an important risk factor for hypertension, eating vegetables and eating fish food tend to play as roles of protection factors of high blood pressure or hypertension. Partial eclipse is an important risk factor for malnutrition, but it is a protection factor of obese and overweight.Lack of eating breakfast is a risk factor for being overweight or obese. Eating bean products and eating eggs food can strengthen physique, improving lung capacity. |
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