The Research Of Radiation Injuries Induced By C-arm X Ray Scan

At present, more and more C-arm X ray scans were used into theorthopedic surgery. As evaluation of operation quanlity, the surgeons oftengave repeated C-arm X ray scans to patients in one set of operation.Inizingradiation doses from C-arm X ray scans could not only produce radiationdamage to surgeons and patients, but also cause psychological panic.Several researches showed that there was a big controversy about lowdose radiation (LDR) induced-biological effects. The topic is cancer risksinduced by ionizing radiation (IR). Low dose radiation induced-biologicaleffects mainly include injuried effects and beneficial effects. Beneficial effectsinclude adaptive response and hormesis. Injuried effects include stochasticeffects, bystander effects, deterministic effects, hereditary effects and genomicinstability. According to the data from Japanese atomic bomb survivors,Scientists concluded that injuried effects induced by LDR were in the range oflinear no threshold (LNT) model. Cancer risks linearly increase with radiationdoses in population. Presently, there was big doubt which questioning thescientificity of LNT in academic circles. LNT largely overestimated radiationinduced-cancer risks.①Radiation doses between100Sv and50mSv werefailed to induce tumor or cancer in population.②The researches from highbackground radiation (HBR) showed that LDR could not induce significantinjuried effects.③LDR could induce adaptive response and hormesis.④DNAdamage of cells could be reversed by DNA damage repair system, no tumor orcancer were induced. LNT underestimated radiation induced-cancer risks.①Chromosome damage induced by bystander effects was not proved byexperiments.②The rssarches showed the exist of genomic instability andhypersensitivity.The research of biological effects induced by C-arm X ray scans could notonly enrich the LDR theory, but also provide theoretical foundation for radiationexposure population. The research showed that radiation doses from single or several C-arm X ray scans with the range of low dose radiation (LDR). Therewas a big controversial of biological effects induced by LDR. The research ofbiological effects induced by C-arm X ray scans could not only enrich the LDRtheory, but also provide theoretical foundation for radiation exposurepopulation.This experiment simulated the pattern of C-arm X ray scan whenorthopedic patients wree given in the process of operation. The oxidativestress level, reactive oxygen species (ROS), DNA damage level and cell cyclearrest were detected, aiming to discuss the radiation damage effects indued byC-arm X ray scan.ObjectiveTo investigate radiation injuries induced by C-arm X ray scan in miceMethods72healthy male kunming mice were randomly divided into control group,single, twice, four, eight and sixteen times of C-arm X ray scan. The mice wereadministered with different frequency of C-arm X ray scan; After24h, T-AOC,GSH and ROS were detected by T-AOC Assay Kit (ABTS method), GSHAssay Kit and ROS Assay Kit, respectively. After1h, the γ-H2AX level inperipheral lymphocytes and bone marrow cells (cell cycle phase) wereanalyzed by flow cytometry.Results1. The changes of ROS level in spleen induced by differenttimes of C-arm X ray scan of in miceThe results of spleen supernatant dectected by invitrogen. Compared withcontrol, four, eight and sixteen times of C-arm X ray scan largely increasedROS level in spleen with significant change (P<0.05).2. The changes of GSH level in spleen induced by differenttimes of C-arm X ray scan of in miceThe results of spleen supernatant dectected by invitrogen. Compared with control, two, four, eight and sixteen times of C-arm X ray scan largelyincreased GSH level in spleen with significant change (P<0.05).3. The changes of T-AOC level in spleen induced by differenttimes of C-arm X ray scan of in miceThe results of spleen supernatant dectected by ELISA. Compared withcontrol, sixteen times of C-arm X ray scan largely increased T-AOC level inspleen with significant change (P<0.05).4. The changes ofγ-H2AX level in peripheral lymphocytesinduced by different times of C-arm X ray scan of in miceThe results of of γ-H2AX level dectected by FCM. Compared with control,four, eight and sixteen times of scan increased γ-H2AX level in peripherallymphocytes with significant change (P<0.05).5. The changes ofγ-H2AX level in bone marrow cells inducedby different times of C-arm X ray scan of in miceThe results of of γ-H2AX level dectected by FCM. Compared with control,eight and sixteen times of scan increased γ-H2AX level in bone marrow cellswith significant change (P<0.05).6. The changes of G0/G1phases in bone marrow cellsinduced by different times of C-arm X ray scan of inmiceThe results of of G0/G1phases dectected by FCM. Compared with control,sixteen times of scan increased G0/G1phases in bone marrow cells withsignificant change (P<0.05).7. The changes of S phases in bone marrow cells induced bydifferent times of C-arm X ray scan of in miceThe results of of S phases dectected by FCM. Compared with control, eight and sixteen times of scan decreased S phases in bone marrow cells withsignificant change (P<0.05).8. The changes of G2/M phases in bone marrow cellsinduced by different times of C-arm X ray scan of inmiceThe results of of G2/M phases dectected by FCM. Compared with control,sixteen times of scan increased G2/M phases in bone marrow cells withsignificant change (P<0.05).ConclusionThis research showed that repeated C-arm X ray scan could change theoxidative balance of mice. DNA damage repair and cell cycle arrest wereactivated. C-arm X ray scan produced different degrees of radiation injuries inmice.