| Background and purpose:Esophageal cancer is a common gastrointestinal cancer. In clinical aspect, it has many obvious symptoms, such as, appearing late relatively, developing fast, and the patients often have no appetite to eat, feel weak, and have a low rate of resection and a low rate of survival in 3-5 years after the operation, and there are more side effects in the conventional chemotherapy radiation and the recovery process. People’s life and health are seriously compromised. Studies have shown that the incidence of esophageal cancer may be caused by a variety of factors, including: biochemical factors, lack of trace element and vitamin deficiency, bad habits such as smoking and drinking, family genetic factors, thus the predisposing factors of the esophageal cancer is relatively complex and multifaceted. Studies have shown that the abnormal expression of DAPK, a kind of cell apoptosis protein, is associated with a variety of clinical tumor disease, and p53 can feel the apoptosis signal, resulting in a related function. The role of DAPK and p53 in esophageal cancer and its clinical significance need further research.This study is aimed at exploring the changes of expressions of DAPK and P53 in different clinical indicators(such as gender, age, lymph node metastasis), and the association of DAPK and P53 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. And further to explore the value of DAPK, p53 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, so as to be used for clinical treatment.Methods:1. The research object and collection of specimensDuring January to December of 2013, there are 104 cases of the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma specimens and the adjacent normal mucosa tissues(from carcinoma tissue > 5cm) in the Department of thoracic surgery of the Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, in which all patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma did not adopt the chemotherapy and immunotherapy, including 68 cases of male patients and 36 cases of female, at the age of 39-73 years old(average 61 + 5.1 years); 36 cases of high differentiation, 45 cases of moderate differentiation, 23 cases of low differentiated; 34 cases of T1 stage, 40 cases of T2 stage, 22 cases of T3 stage, 8 cases of T4 stage; 56 cases with lymph node metastasis, 48 cases without lymph node metastasis. The specimens tissues of the resection operation was immediately taken off 100 mg and was stored in liquid nitrogen, and the rest were embedded in paraffin, for the next step experiment. 2. The experimental method 2.1 Apply the conventional tissue slice HE staining to screen the esophageal carcinoma tissue(selection of the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma) and bring it into the study and the pathological grading. 2.2 Adopt the expression of DAPK and p53, a Tissue Microarray--immunohistochemical staining, to detect the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and adjacent normal esophageal mucosa. 2.3 Apply RT-PCR to detect the changes of DAPK m RNA and p53 m RNA in the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and adjacent normal esophageal mucosa. 3. Statistical Methods Apply the statistical software of Spss 19.0 for analysis, using ?2 to compare the two independent samples, and apply the Spearman rank correlation to analyse the correlation, the difference with P <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: 1. The expression of DAPK in the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and the adjacent normal esophageal mucosa.DAPK positive products are located in the cytoplasm, the positive expression rate of DAPK of the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is significantly lower than the rate of the adjacent normal mucosa(P < 0.05); the expression level of DAPK m RNA is 0.415+0.058 in the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, the expression of DAPK m RNA is 0.732+0.039 in the adjacent normal esophageal mucosa, there is significant difference between them(P < 0.01). 2. The expression of p53 in the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and the adjacent normal esophageal mucosa. The p53 positive products are located at the nucleus, the positive expression rate of p53 is significantly higher than that of normal esophageal mucosa adjacent in the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(P < 0.05). The expression of p53 m RNA is 0.641+0.056 in the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, the expression of p53 m RNA is 0.358+0.094 in the normal esophageal mucosa, there is significant difference between them(P < 0.01). 3. The relation between DAPK and the clinical factors of the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. The expression of DAPK in the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is not associated with age, gender, tumor size and degree of differentiation(P> 0.05), but associated with the depth of invasion and the lymph node metastasis(P <0.05). 4. The relation between p53 and the clinical factors of the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. The expression of p53 in the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is not associated with age, gender, tumor size, lymph node metastasis(P> 0.05), but associated with the degree of differentiation and the lymph node metastasis(P <0.05). 5. The correlation between the expression of DAPK and P53 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. The expression of DAPK and P53 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is negatively correlated(r=-0.349, P < 0.05).Conclusion: 1. The study found that the positive expression rate of DAPK in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissue is lower than that of the normal mucosa, the positive expression rate of p53 is significantly higher than that of the normal esophageal mucosa adjacent in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Both DAPK and p53 have changed greatly in the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and have a close relationship with the occurrence of the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, which is consistent with the document in the study. 2. The expression of DAPK in the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is not associated with age, gender, tumor size and the degree of differentiation, but related to the depth of invasive and the lymph node metastasis. The expression of p53 in esophageal squamous carcinoma has nothing to do with age, gender, tumor size, but related to the degree of differentiation and the lymph node metastasis. The joint detection is of great significance in the early diagnosis of the esophageal squamous carcinoma and the lymph node metastasis. 3. The expression of DAPK and p53 are negatively correlated in the esophageal squamous carcinoma, showing that they may have close contact with each other on the tumor suppressor. For further research, we can provide more effective measures for the prevention and clinical treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. |
PDF Full Text Request