Studies On The Chemical Constituents And Pharmacological Activities Of Yellow Mushroom

In this paper, the methods of morphological and molecular phylogenetic were used to identify "Yellow mushroom". And comparison of antioxidant activity and effect on mice serum IL-2 immune function of Pholiota adiposa and Pholiota microspora in this passage. In order to exploit this kind of edible and medicinal fungi more reasonable.The experimental materials was identificated by morphological and molecular phylogenetic, and establish phylogenetic tree. The results confirmed, the experimental materials was Pholiota adipoa.The chemical constituents from the fruiting bodies were studied in this paper. The chemical constituents from the fruiting bodies of Pholiota adiposa(Batsch)P. Kumm. was studied. Fifteen compounds were isolated and purified by column chromatography on silica gel and Sephadex LH-20. The chemical constituents were separated and purified by chromatographic methods after solvent extraction and were identified by spectroscopic analyses(MS and NMR), they were identified as ergosterol(1)、 ergosterol peroxide(2)、(22E, 24R)-23-methylergosta-7,22-diene-3β, 5α,6β-triol(3)、Glycerol alpha-Monopalmitate(4)、Glyceryl monooleate(5)、Cerevisterol(6)、D-mannitol(7)、benzoic acid(8)、Glyceryl-1,2-dioctadec-9,12-dienoate-3-octadec-9-enoate(9)、1,3-Diolein(10)、β-sitosterol(11)、1-Tricosanol(12)、9,12-Octadecadienoic acid,methyl ester(13)、ergosta-7,22-dien-3β-ylpalmitate(14)、(22E, 24R)-ergosta-7, 22-dien-3β, 5α, 6β-triol(15)。GC-MS was used to analyze their componends and 11 compounds which similarity more than97% were identified from Pholiota adiposa, such as 2-Octenal,2-butyl-(1’)、Hexadecane(2’)、Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester(3’)、Dibutyl phthalate(4’)、n-Hexadecanoic acid(5’)、cis-13-Octadecenoic acid, methyl ester(6’)、9,12-Octadecadienoic acid(Z,Z)- methyl ester(7’)、9,12-Octadecadienoic acid, ethyl ester(8’)、Pentadecane, 2,6,10,14-tetramethyl(9’)、Octadecanoic acid, butyl ester(10’)、2-Propenoic acid, 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-, 2-ethylhexyl ester(11’)。All compounds were first separated from greasy scales umbrella Pholiota adiposa.The acute toxicity test of the water-extract was studied with the maximum dose 50g/kg,determination of the amount of 300 times the value of clinical application, after intra-gastric administration 14 days, the results show that, none of mice were died and it had no effective influence on mice height.And the method of mice forced to swim fatigue test show that, water extract of Pholiota adiposa has significant anti-fatigue effect.Powder of Pholiota adiposa and Pholiota microspora fruit body was reflux extracted byfour different organic solvents(petroleum ether at 40 oC, dichloromethane at 50 oC, ethylacetate at 55 o C and methanol at 60 o C), respectively. Different kinds of extracts were obtained after removing the organic solvents using a rotary evaporator, and their antioxidant activities were evaluated on the base of their scavenging ability of DPPH and ABTS free radicals. Different extracts of P. adiposa and P. microspora all had DPPH free radical scavenging abilities and their scavenging rates were in concentration dependent manner. Ethylacetate extracts of P.adiposa and P. microspora showed the best scavenging abilities, the IC50 value for scavenging DPPH were 0.29 mg/m L and 0.21 mg/m L, respectively, and their scavenging rates of ABTS reached 60.25% and 65.27% at concentration of 1 mg/m L. Mice were intragastric administrated by three dosage(low dosage 3.125 mg/kg, medium dosage 6.25 mg/kg, high dosage 12.5mg/kg)of aqueous extracts(extracted at 65 o C for 2 h) of P. adiposa and P. microspora fruit body for 20 days. Then the serum IL-2(interleukin-2) levels in mice were determined by ELISA method. Compared with negative control, serum IL-2 levels were all significantly increased in mice treated by three dosage of aqueous extracts from P. adiposa or P. microspora,what’s more, the IL-2 levels in mice treated by P. adiposa extracts were significantly higher than those treated by P. microspora extracts at same concentration.Pholiota adiposa and Pholiota microspora were comprehensive evaluatied by heavy metals contamination, crude fat, crude protein, amino acids and trace elements, etc.. The results confirmed, cultivation of Pholiota adiposa is less heavy metal contamination, security edible.Crude fat and ash content of Pholiota adiposa is significantly higher than Pholiota microspora,but crude protein. About 16 kinds of amino acids of them, the total proportion of essential and amino acids in total, Pholiota adiposa slightly higher than Pholiota microspora. Pholiota adiposa is rich in trace elements. Among them, content of Cu and Zn, Pholiota adiposa slightly higher than Pholiota microspora.The acute toxicity test of the water-extract was studied with the maximum dose 50g/kg,determination of the amount of 300 times the value of clinical application, after intra-gastric administration 14 days, the results show that, none of mice were died and it had no effective influence on mice height. And the method of mice forced to swim fatigue test show that, water extract of Pholiota adiposa has significant anti-fatigue effect.