The Study Of The Relationships Between Serum Mineral Element Levels And Biochemicals Of Children From Pingyin

Objectives1. To study the content and distribution features of Ca,Mg,Cu,Fe,Zn,B,As, Co,Mn,Cd,Se,Ni, and Pb,etc. in the serum of children living in Pingyin County,aged between 6 and 12 years.2. To study the relationship between contents of serum calcium, magnesium, copper, iron, zinc, boron, chromium, manganese, nickel, cobalt, selenium, cadmium, arsenic, lead and Body Mass Index namely BMI and blood biochemical indexes such as blood pressure, blood fat, and blood sugar and the relationship between various chronic diseases.3. To analysis the correlation of the specific elements content in serum of Pinyin County children aged between 6 and 12 years.To provide a basis for supplement particular elements in order to reduce the toxicity of some heavy metals.Methods1. The respondents Five villages of Pingyin county were chosen with cluster sampling. All the permanent children of the five villages between the ages of 6 and 12 years old were the object of our investigation.2. The content of investigation and physical examination. The questionnaires of our study subject were done by face to face with each resident for interview. Physical indicators including height, weight and other index were measured.3. Determination of serum elements Blood samples were collected through elbow vein after an overnight fast into tubes containing anticoagulant. Under the specified conditions, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS) was used to determinate nine elements (B, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, As, Se, Cd, Pb) and five other elements (Ca, Mg,Cu,Fe,Zn)by atomic absorption spectrometer were tested.4. Determination of blood glucose and serum lipids According to the rules of procedure, useing the blood glucose kit, blood sugar were determinated in blood sugar glucose oxidase method. Lipid of serum were determinated with lipid kit by colorimetric method. The concentration of serum low-density lipoprotein was detectioned with lipid kit and calculated indirectly.5. Data processing The database was established and the experimental data was input using Epidata software. The required data was statistically analysed by SPSS 20.0.The descriptive data was presented as medians and the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles reference intervals.The used statistical approaches included statistic description, independent samples t test, analysis of variance, simple correlation. It showed that the result was statistical significance if P<0.05.6. Quality control From the selection of respondents, the questionnaire to fill in, field measurement, physical examination, samples collection, the laboratory test and the whole process to the data entry all needs to do a good job in quality control. Laboratory detection of the related project should be unified examination and testing personnel should receive unified training.The laboratory determination was to be kept in the allowed range of laboratory variation.Results1. The methods to determine five serum elements content of Cu, Fe, Zn, Ca, Mg by FAAS were tested. The results showed that the low, medium and high concentration of each element of standard addition recoveries was between 85% and 115%, and the method could satisfy the measurement requirements.2. The methods to determine nine serum elements content of B, Mn, Co, As, Ni, Se, Cd, Pb and Cr by ICP-MS were tested. The results showed that the low, medium, high concentration of each element of standard addition recoveries was between 85% and 110% and the method could satisfy the measurement requirements.3. The level of the serum elements were expressed as medians and the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles reference intervals. The levels of 14 kinds of elements of children aged between 6 and 12 years in Pingyin country were as fllows:Ca93.25(35.85-349.56)mg/L,Mg21.23(11.10-34.37)mg/L,Cu0.98(0.47-1.60 )mg/L,Fe1.69(0.64-5.21)mg/L,Zn 1.04(0.40-4.57) mg/L,B 36.49 (17.96-103.60) μg/L,Cr18.45(8.36-38.28)μg/L,Mn3.10(1.20-8.64)μg/L,Co0.02(0.02-1.10)μg/L,Ni 4.82(1.36-15.41)μg/L,As 3.71(1.22-16.35)μg/L, Se 99.17(59.36-145.15)μg/L,Cd 0.99(0.24-3.54)μg/L,Pb 2.45(0.87-8.41)μg/L. The distribution regularity of serum elements of children in pingyin county was found. After independent samples t test between different genders, the distribution level of serum 14 kings of elements did not change significantly in different sex. Significant correlations between age and the levels of Cu (r=-0.132), Mg(r=0.114,P<0.05)and Cd(r=0.152,P<0.05) were obtained. The levels of serum Fe, Zn, Ca, B, Mn, Co, As, Ni, Se, Pb and Cr did not change significantly with increasing age, and it may be no significant correlation with age.4. After analysis of the relevant elements content in serum and BMI, obvious correlationsbetween BMI and serumCu(r=-0.165,P<0.05)and Zn(r=-0.106,P<0.05) were gained.5. Analysis of the serum elements content related to the relationship between blood pressure, it was found that noticeable inverse correlations between both systolic and diastolic blood pressure with serum Cu,Cr, and Ni, positive correlation with Cd were achieved. Additionally, diastolic blood pressure was negatively correlated with Se, and positively correlated with Pb.6. Through the linear correlation analysis analyze the serum elements content among FBG and serum lipids, as a result that the fasting blood-glucose was significantly correlated with serum Cr (r=-0.326,P<0.05). The concentration of low density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly correlated with Cu(r=-0.234), Cr(r=-0.316) and Se(r=0.301).The level of total cholesterol(TC) were significantly correlated with Fe(r=-0.186) and Se (r=0.117).The triglycerides(TG) level was significantly correlated with Se (r=0.177).7. After linear correlation analysis between serum elements contents, elements, interactions were as follows:serum Pb was significantly correlated with levels of Zn(r=-0.107),Se (r=-0.486),and Cd (r=0.465);selenium level was significantly correlated with Cd (r=-0.868) and As (r=-0.102);the level of Zn were significantly correlated with Cu (r=-0.105) and Fe (r=0.137)Conclusions1. The flame atomic absorption method for detection serum element content of Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe and Zn was rapid, simple, accurate and reproducible; The collision cell inductively coupled plasma spectrometry method for determine serum B、 Mn、Co、As、Ni、Se、Cd、Pb and Cr element content was high precision and good accuracy.2. The levels and distribution characteristics of 14 kinds of elements of children aged between 6 and 12 years in Pingyin country were as fllows: Ca93.25(35.85-349.56)mg/L,Mg21.23(11.10-34.37)mg/L,Cu0.98(0.47-1.60)mg/L ,Fe1.69(0.64-5.21)mg/L,Zn1.04(0.40-4.57)mg/L,B36.49(17.96-103.60)μg/L,Cr18 .45(8.36-38.28)μg/L;Mn3.10(1.20-8.64)μg/L,Co0.02(0.02-1.10)μg/L,Ni4.82(1.36-15.41)μg/L,As3.71(1.22-16.35)μg/L,Se99.17(59.36-145.15)μg/L,Cd0.99(0.24-3.5 4)μg/L,Pb 2.45(0.87-8.41)μg/L.3. The levels of serum Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Zn,B, Mn, Co, As, Ni, Se, Cd, Cr and Pb did not change significantly in different sex. The contents of serum Cu,Mg and Cd had significant correlation with the age; The content of serum Cu decreased along with childen age.4. The contents of serum Cu element and Zn element had significant correlation with BMI. As the growth of the BMI,the content of Cu and Zn element gradually reduce. Therefore the appropriate improve the level of serum Cu and Zn element has important significance to maintain normal body mass index.5. The contents of serum Cu, Ni and Cr had correlation with blood pressure levels. As the growth of the blood pressure, the contents of Cu, Ni and Cr element gradually reduced. Therefore the appropriate improve levels of serum Cu,Ni and Cr might have effects to prevent hypertension. The contents of serum Cd elements increased with growth of blood pressure, might be a risk factor for hypertension. As the growth of diastolic blood pressure,the contents of serum Se element reduced and Pb element increased. As a result, reducing the concentration of serum Cd and Pb levels, and appropriately increasing the concentration of serum Cu,Ni, Cr and Se, help maintain normal blood pressure levels.6. The fasting blood-glucose was significantly negative correlated with serum Cr. The concentration of low density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly correlated with Cu,Cr and Se. The level of total cholesterol(TC) were significantly correlated with Fe and Se. The triglycerides(TG) level was significantly positive correlated with Se. Therefore Cr element might be protection factor in diabetes, and the lack of Cu, Cr, Fe element would affect the normal metabolism of serum lipids. The increase of serum Se element might be a risk factor for dyslipidemia.7. Mutual competitive inhibition effect exists in the serum element. As the growth of the content of Zn and Fe or Cr element, the level of Pb gradually decrease or increase. As the growth of the content of Cu or Fe element, the level of Pb gradually decrease or increase. As the growth of the content of Pb,Cr and As element, the level of Se gradually decrease. Therefore it was very important to maintain the balance of each element in the body and to increase the beneficial element for children’s growth and develonment.