| To provide the theoretical basis for the production of high-quality Schisandra chinensis, this paper studied the appearance and internal quality of S. chinensis resources from northeast China, and explored the influence of soil factors on internal quality of S. chinensis. The results were as follows:1. The appearance of 10 S. chinensis from different producing areas were determined and compared. The results showed that the color and shape of S. chinensis were the same, but significantly different in size and weight. Compared with the cultivated type, the diameter,1000-fruit weight and 1000-seed weight of the wild type were the smallest. Meanwhile, the appearance of 8 S. chinensis in different collection time were determined and compared. The results showed that the samples from Xinbin county and Jingyu county had no significant differences in appearance, the reasons were that the harvest interval of the samples were short and the samples were in ripe period. The harvest interval of the 4 samples from Xiao Hinggan Mountains were long and thus had great difference in appearance, but the weight and size of the seeds had no great difference, which indicated that the proportion of pulp was gradually increased with the growth period extended.2. The internal quality of 10 S. chinensis from different producing areas were determined and compared. The results showed that the significant differences of the internal quality existed between one site and the other. Meanwhile, the contents of the regular indices and Schisandrin of S. chinensis were all in accordance with the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, which was published in 2010. According to the results of this study, we could set the content of water-soluble extract was higher than 45.0%, the content of ethanol-soluble extract was higher than 30.0% and the acid-insoluble ash content within 1.0%. Principal component analysis on active ingredients in S. chinensis indicated that the quality of S. chinensis, produced in Jian city, was relatively good. Cluster analysis on active ingredients indicated that S. chinensis produced in Jian city and Fengcheng city were clustered in a kind and could be distinguished from other producing areas, while the wild type also could be clearly distinguished from cultivated type.3. The internal quality of 8 S. chinensis in different collection time were determined and compared. The results showed that the differences of the active ingredients existed in the samples. The content of lignans of the samples from Xiao Hinggan Mountains gradually declined with the growth period extended, which indicated that the lignans were mainly existed in the seed while pulp contained only trace lignans. It was consistent with the traditional method on smashing S. chinensis when it was used as medicine.4. The chemical properties and mineral elements in growth soil of S. chinensis in northeast China were determined, which could be used for analysing the effects of soil factors on internal quality of S. chinensis. The results showed that the pH of its growth soil was all acidic and the soil fertility were all good. Overall, soil available P and K were the most important factors in affected the active ingredients of S. chinensis, followed by organic matter, CEC, available N, but there still existed other soil factors, which affected the active ingredients of S. chinensis, were not been analyzed. In summary, the main leading factors of mineral elements in soil were K and Fe, followed by Mg, Mn and Zn. The mineral elements in S. chinensis and in soil had no significant correlation. S. chinensis had strong absorption to N, P and K, but it exhibited weak enrichment ability to other mineral elements.5. Study on residues of organochlorine pesticides and heavy metals in S. chinensis and soil. The results showed that the residua contents of BHC, DDT and heavy metals as Pb, Cd, Hg, Cu, As were all in accordance with the permissible maximum limits of the Chinese national standard. |
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