Effect Of Life And Occupational Environment Exposure During Pre-pregnancy And Gestation On Executive Function In Preschool Children: A Birth Cohort Study

Objectives To know the status of preschool children’s executive function, and describe the life and occupational of children parents’ during pre-pregnancy and the first trimester and the second trimester. Furthermore, to explore the effect of parents’ life and occupational environment exposure during pre-pregnancy and gestation on executive function in preschool children.Methods From April 2014 to April 2015, we followed up the children who came from Ma’anshan city, and was a part of China-Anhui Birth Cohort Sthdy(C-ABCS) sample. We collected the datas of parents’ general social demographic characteristics and parents’ poor life and occupational environment exposure during six months before pregnancy and maternal’ poor life and occupational environment in the first and second trimester by pregnants’ self-report or routine antenatal testing. Using the parents’ version of Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Preschool to evaluate the preschool children’s executive function, these children were aged at 3 and 6 years old. The chi-square analysis was used to compare the detected rate of preschool children’s executive function aysplasia among the different groups of the socio-demographic factors amd life and occupational environment exposure during six month before pregnancy and the first and second trimester. Binary logistics model was used to analyze the effect of life and occupational environment exposure during six month before pregnancy and the first and second trimester on preschool chidlren’s executive function.Results At the beginning of this cohort study, 5084 pregnant women were recruited to participate in the study. Excluding the losing to follow-up after the initial meeting and spontaneous abortion and stillbirth or induced abortion twin births, finally, there were 4669 single live newborns. In this study, we followed 3083 single children, and the follow-up rate was 81.5%(3803/4669), excluding 32 children whose parents had not completed the BRIEF-P. Finally, there were 3771 chidlren including in this study. Among these children, 3771 questionaires during six month before pregnancy adn the first trimester and 3489 questionaires during the second trimester were valid.]These children were age between 3 and 6 years old, and 53.7% were boys, 91.2% was from a family with the only child. The detected rate of ISCI, FI, EMI and GEC dysplasia in preschool children was respectively 4.8%, 2.3%, 16.5% and 8.6%. After control children’s sex, age, maternal’s age during gestation, parents educational level, gravida times, maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, the monthly income of family and the only child, binary logsitics model indicated that during pre-pregnancy maternal exposing to pet(RR=1.51, 95%CI: 1.05-2.16), maternal living in a noise environment(R=1.85, 95%CI: 1.36-2.53), maternal exposing to pesticides(RR=3.30, 95%CI: 1.31-8.32) and paternal exposing to taking/injecting medicine(RR=1.53, 95%CI: 1.09-2.14) were the risk factor of ISCI dysplasia. Maternal exposing to pesticides(RR=7.83, 95%CI: 2.89-21.26) and paternal exposing to lead during pre-pregnancy(RR=2.27, 95%CI: 1.35-3.83) were the risk of FI dysplasia. Maternal living in a noise environment(RR=1.41, 95%CI: 1.17-1.70), maternal drinking(RR=1.51, 95%CI: 1.01-2.24) and paternal exposing to lead(RR=1.29, 95%CI: 1.02-1.65) during pre-pregnancy were the risk of EMI dysplasia. Maternal living in a noise environment(RR=1.42, 95%CI: 1.18-1.72) and paternal exposing to lead(RR=1.30, 95%CI: 1.03-1.66) during pre-pregnancy were the risk of GEC dysplasia. We further analyzed maternal exposure in the first trimester and their children’s executive function, the resluts showed that exposing to pet(RR=1.76, 95%CI: 1.20-2.59) and living in a nosie environment(RR=2.16, 95%CI: 1.58-2.95) were the risk of preschool children’s ISCI dysplasia, working in a noise environment(RR=2.30, 95%CI: 1.50-3.53) was the risk of FI dysplasia. In the first trimester, living in a noise environment(RR=1.46, 95%CI: 1.20-1.77), exposing to secondhand smoking(RR=1.53, 95%CI: 1.19-1.97), using induction cooker(RR=1.31, 95%CI: 1.08-1.59) and using kitchen ventilator(RR=1.30, 95%CI: 1.09-1.55) were the risk of EMI dysplasia. And maternal living in a noise environment(RR=1.84, 95%CI: 1.44-2.36), exposing to pet(RR=1.55, 95%CI: 1.14-2.12) and using microwave oven(RR=1.29, 95%CI: 1.02-1.63) in the first trimester were the risk of GEC dysplasia. Datas of the second trimester showed that living in a noise environment(RR=1.75, 95%CI: 1.25-2.46), maternal expososing to taking/injecting medicine(RR=1.69, 95%CI: 1.13-2.55) and using kitchen ventilator(RR=1.39, 95%CI: 1.01-1.91) were the risk of ISCI dysplasia. In the second trimester, maternal living in a noise environment(RR=2.13, 95%CI: 1.31-3.46), exposing to high temperature(RR=6.16, 95%CI: 1.68-22.61) and using photocopier(RR=1.85, 95%CI: 1.02-3.33) were the risk of FI dysplasia. And maternal exposing to makeup(RR=1.31, 95%CI: 1.07-1.60), exposing to secondhand smoking(RR=1.37, 95%CI: 1.08-1.74) and exposing to taking/injecting medicine(RR=1.39, 95%CI: 1.08-1.80) were the risk of EMI dysplasia. Maternal exposing to pet(RR=1.46, 95%CI: 1.02-2.11), living in a noise environment(RR=1.54, 95%CI: 1.18-2.00), exposing to taking /injecting medicine(RR=1.56, 95%CI: 1.14-2.15) and using electric blanket(RR=1.63, 95%CI: 1.03-2.56) were the risk of GEC dysplasia.Conclusion Preschool children’s executive function were affected by many life and occupational environment factors. We should find these factors early, and control or reduce these poor life and occopational environment exposure during pre-pregnancy and pregnancy, and improve the pre-pregancny and pregnancy care, offer a theory basis for improving the quality of children’s life.